Incazelo
Ukusika kwe-Laser kuyindlela yokusika eshisayo esebenzisa ugongolo lwelaser olugxilile lwamandla aphezulu ukuze lukhanyise izinto okufanele zisikwe, okubangela ukuthi impahla ishise ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele endaweni yokuthungela, bese incibilika, ishabalale, ihwamuke futhi ihwamuke ukuze kwakhe izimbobo. Njengoba ugongolo luhamba phakathi kwezinto, izimbobo zikhula zibe imihuzuko emincane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, into encibilikisiwe ipheshulwa igesi esebenza ngomfutho ophezulu ukuze kuqedelwe ukusika okubushelelezi nokuhlanzekile.
isimiso
I-laser isebenzisa i-substance excitation ukuze ikhiqize i-beam. Le nsimbi inezinga lokushisa eliqinile. Lapho uthintana nempahla, ingancibilika ngokushesha ebusweni bezinto zokwakha umgodi. Ngokusho kokunyakaza kwendawo yokubhalisa, ukusika kuyakhiwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokusika yendabuko, indlela yokusika inegebe elincane futhi ingasindisa izinto eziningi. Nokho, ukuhlaziywa kuchazwa ngokuvumelana nomphumela wokusika. Izinto ezisikwa ngokusho kwe-laser zinomphumela owanelisayo wokusika nokunemba okuphezulu. Lokhu kuzuzwa njengefa Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ze-laser, futhi ayifani nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokusika.
izinhlobo
Ukusika i-laser kuza ezigabeni ezi-4: ukusika kwe-vaporization, ukusika okuncibilikayo, ukusika umoya-mpilo, ukubhala kanye nokuphuka okulawulwayo.
1. Ukusika kwe-Laser vaporization
Ukusebenzisa i-laser density high-energy ukushisisa i-workpiece, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha, lifinyelele endaweni yokubilisa yezinto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi impahla iqala ukuhwamuka yenze isitimu. Ijubane lokukhipha lawa ma-vapor likhulu kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ama-vapor ekhishwa, ukusika kwakhiwa endabeni. Ukushisa kwe-vaporization yezinto ngokuvamile kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-laser vaporization kanye nokusika kudinga amandla amaningi kanye nokuminyana kwamandla.
Ukusika kwe-vaporization kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zensimbi ezacile kakhulu nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi (njengephepha, indwangu, ukhuni, ipulasitiki nerabha, njll.).
2. Ukuncibilika kwe-laser
Ekusikeni okuncibilikayo, izinto zensimbi zincibilika ngokushisa kwe-laser, bese igesi engeyona i-oxidizing (Ar, He, N, njll.) ifafazwe nge-nozzle coaxial nge-beam, futhi insimbi ewuketshezi ikhishwa ukucindezela okunamandla kwegesi ukwenza ukusika. Ukusika okuncibilikisa i-laser akudingi ukuhwashisa ngokuphelele insimbi, futhi amandla adingekayo yi-1/10 kuphela yokusika kwe-vaporization.
Ukusika okuncibilikisayo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezingafakwa i-oxidized kalula noma izinsimbi ezisebenzayo, njengensimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-aluminium kanye nama-alloys azo.
3. Ukusika i-oxygen ye-laser
Umgomo we-laser oxygen cutting ufana nokusika i-oxyacetylene. Isebenzisa i-laser beam njengomthombo wokushisa oshisa ngaphambili kanye negesi esebenzayo efana ne-oxygen njengegesi yokusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi eshaywayo isebenzisana nensimbi yokusika ukuze ibangele ukusabela kwe-oxidation futhi ikhiphe inani elikhulu lokushisa kwe-oxidation; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oxide encibilikisiwe kanye nencibilika ishaywa isuka endaweni yokusabela ukuze yakhe ukusika ensimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwe-oxidation enqubweni yokusika kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, amandla adingekayo ekusikeni kwe-laser oxygen kuphela 1/2 yokusika okuncibilikayo, futhi isivinini sokusika sishesha kakhulu kunokusika okuvuzayo nokuncibilika. Ukusika umoya-mpilo nge-laser kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zensimbi ezifakwe i-oxidized kalula njenge-carbon steel, i-titanium steel nensimbi efakwe ukushisa.
4. I-laser scribing kanye nokuphuka okulawulwayo
I-laser scribing isebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu ukuskena ingaphezulu lempahla ephukayo, ukuze okokusebenza kushisiswe ukuze kuhwamuke inkaba encane, bese kufakwa ingcindezi ethile, okubolayo kuzoqhekeka eduze komsele omncane. Ama-Lasers okubhala ngokuvamile ashintshwa nge-Q futhi CO2 ama-lasers.
Ukulawula ukuphuka wukusetshenziswa kokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa okukhuphukayo okukhiqizwa i-laser grooving, okukhiqiza ukucindezeleka kwendawo okushisayo kumpahla ephukayo futhi kuphule impahla eduze komsele omncane.
Izici
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokusika ezishisayo, izici zokusika i-laser ngesivinini sokusika esisheshayo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu. Kufinyezwe ngokuqondile njengezici ezilandelayo.
1. Ikhwalithi enhle yokusika
Ngenxa yendawo yokusika encane, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nesivinini sokusika ngokushesha, ingathola ikhwalithi ephezulu yokusika.
a. Ukusika kuncane, izinhlangothi zombili ze-slit ziyahambisana futhi zibheke phezulu, futhi ukunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye ezisikiwe kungafinyelela ku-±0.05mm.
b. Indawo yokusika ibushelelezi futhi ihlanzekile, ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bungamashumi ama-microns kuphela, ngaphandle kokucubungula ngomshini, futhi izingxenye zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.
c. Ngemuva kokusikwa kwe-laser, ububanzi bendawo ethintekile ekushiseni buncane kakhulu, ukusebenza kwento eseduze ne-slit cishe akuthinteki, futhi i-deformation ye-workpiece incane, ukunemba kokusika kuphezulu, i-geometry ye-slit yinhle, futhi umumo we-cross-sectional we-slit ungunxande Okuvamile.
2. High ukusika ukusebenza kahle
Ngenxa yezici zokudlulisa, i-laser cutter ngokuvamile ifakwe amathebula okusebenzela e-CNC amaningi, futhi yonke inqubo yokusika ingalawulwa ngokugcwele yi-CNC. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, udinga kuphela ukushintsha uhlelo lokulawula izinombolo, lungasetshenziswa ekusikeni izingxenye zomumo ohlukene, kokubili ukusika oku-2-dimensional kanye nokusika kwe-3-dimensional.
3. Ijubane lokusika ngokushesha
Ukusebenzisa i-laser enamandla angu-1200W ukusika a 2mm Ipuleti yensimbi ephansi ye-carbon, ijubane lokusika lingafinyelela ku-600cm/min; ukusika a 5mm Ibhodi le-resin ye-polypropylene eqinile, isivinini sokusika singafinyelela ku-1200cm/min. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo azidingi ukucindezelwa futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi sokusika, ezingagcini nje kuphela ukonga izinto zamathuluzi, kodwa futhi zonge isikhathi esisizayo sokulayisha nokuthulula.
4. Ukusika okungaxhunywanga
Ithoshi lokusika alinakuxhumana ne-workpiece, futhi akukho ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi. Ukuze ucubungule izingxenye zomumo ohlukene, asikho isidingo sokushintsha "ithuluzi", vele uguqule imingcele yokuphuma kwe-laser. Inqubo yokusika inomsindo ophansi, ukudlidliza okuncane futhi akukho ukungcola.
5. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusika
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika kwe-oxyacetylene nokusika kwe-plasma, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezisikwa nge-laser, ezihlanganisa insimbi, okungezona insimbi, okusekelwe ensimbi futhi okungezona ezensimbi, isikhumba, izinkuni kanye ne-fiber. Kepha ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukene ze-thermo-physical kanye namazinga ahlukene okumuncwa ama-lasers, akhombisa ukuguquguquka okuhlukile kokusika kwe-laser.
Izicelo
Abasiki be-laser abaningi balawulwa izinhlelo ze-CNC noma benziwa amarobhothi okusika. Njengendlela yokucubungula enembile, i-laser ingasika cishe zonke izinto zokwakha, kufaka phakathi ukusika oku-2-dimensional noma ukusika kwe-3-dimensional yamapuleti ensimbi amancane.
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimoto, ubuchwepheshe bokusika amajika esikhala njengamafasitela aphezulu emoto busetshenziswe kabanzi. Inkampani yaseJalimane yakwaVolkswagen isebenzisa i-laser enamandla we 500W ukusika amashidi omzimba anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezigobile. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, ubuchwepheshe be-laser busetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezikhethekile zezindiza, njengama-alloys e-titanium, ama-aluminium alloys, ama-nickel alloys, ama-alloys e-chromium, insimbi engagqwali, i-beryllium oxide, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, amapulasitiki, izitsha zobumba kanye ne-quartz. Izingxenye ze-aerospace ezisikwe nge-laser zifaka ishubhu le-langabi lenjini, i-titanium alloy-alloy-walled casing, ifreyimu yendiza, i-titanium alloy skin, i-wing truss, iphaneli yamaphiko omsila, i-rotor eyinhloko yendiza enophephela emhlane, i-space shuttle ceramic heat insulation tile, njll.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser bubuye busetshenziswe emkhakheni wezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Akukhona nje kuphela ukusika izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kanye nokuqina, njenge-silicon nitride, i-ceramics, i-quartz, njll.; kodwa futhi ingasika futhi icubungule izinto eziguquguqukayo, njengendwangu, iphepha, amapuleti epulasitiki, irabha, njll., njengokusika izingubo nge-laser, ingasindisa izingubo10%～12%, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3.
Amathrendi we-
1. Umshini wokusika i-Laser uzoqhubekisa i-Epoch-Making Product Revolution.
Umthombo we-laser uyingxenye eyinhloko yomsiki, futhi futhi iyinkomba ebalulekile enquma uhlobo nekhono lokusika lomsiki we-laser. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi, izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo kubasiki be-laser zizokwenzeka emithonjeni ye-laser. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukushintshwa kwe CO2 umshini wokwehlisa laser by i-fiber laser cutter kuwuguquko olubaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe eminyakeni engama-40 selokhu kwazalwa umsiki we-laser, olethe izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside kubakhiqizi nakubasebenzisi abasha nabadala kulo mkhakha. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, ingabe kuzoba nomthombo wokukhanya omusha oshibhile kune-fiber lasers, onokusebenza okungcono kakhulu, imodi ye-beam ehamba phambili kakhulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optic noma izindleko eziphansi zizonke? Impendulo inguyebo. Bese ubuza, hlobo luni lwe-laser? Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukunikeza impendulo enembile manje. Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi kuyantengantenga, ngezinye izikhathi izinkulungwane zamamayela ngosuku.
2. I-High-Power Fiber Laser izoba Amandla Ayinhloko Emakethe Yokusika I-Laser.
Namuhla, imishini yokusika i-fiber optical yamabanga ahlukahlukene wamandla iye yaletha intuthuko enkulu. Nokho, aphi amandla avamile emishini yokusika i-laser esikhathini esizayo? Nakuba imishini ebangeni ngalinye lamandla inokusetshenziswa kwayo, kodwa umndeni wamalaser owaqala ngamalaser anamandla amakhulu futhi abangela uguquko lobuchwepheshe be-laser emhlabeni wonke, ubheka amandla aphakeme, ukunemba okuphezulu, namandla okusika amakhulu njengenye yeziqondiso ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-fiber laser cutter. STYLECNC muva nje yethule i-15KW isivinini esiphezulu umshini wokusika we-fiber laser, esizuze impumelelo engakaze ibonwe ekusikeni isivinini kanye nokuqina kokusika, okudonse ukunaka kwemboni. Ingabe lokhu kuqukethe ukuthambekela kwentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yabasiki be-laser? Kuyafaneleka ukubheka phambili kochwepheshe bezimboni, izifundiswa nabangane babasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singaqiniseka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abakhiqizi abaningi be-fiber laser cutter basekhaya nabangaphandle bazongenisa umncintiswano wemakethe oshubile. Izinkampani kuphela ezinekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu, ukugxila okuqhubekayo ekutshalweni kwe-R&D, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuncintisana obuyinhloko obungenza kanjalo futhi bungenakunqotshwa.
3. Inkathi Yobuhlakani Siyeza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Industry 4.0 yaseJalimane noma ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile e-China, inguquko yesi-4 yezimboni emkhakheni wezimboni iyeza. Njengokunemba okuphezulu Umshini wokusika we-CNC laser, i-laser cutter ngokuqinisekile izohambisana nezikhathi futhi indize ngobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-laser cutter automation kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lokuzenzekelayo leshabhu yensimbi yeshidi.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngalesi sisekelo, inkathi yokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani abasiki be-laser iyaphindwa emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe besoftware yekhompiyutha neminye imikhakha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengendlela yokwemboza insimbi yensimbi ngokunemba, nakanjani izosebenzisa amakhono ayo okuxhumana enethiwekhi ukuze ixhumane nolayini wokuqaqa wefekthri, umshini wokugoba, umshini wokubhoboza we-CNC, iyunithi ehlangene yokushisela (i-riveting), ukuqhuma kokudubula kanye nolayini wokumboza. Ezinye izinto zokusebenza, ezifakwe ohlelweni oluhlangene lokukhiqiza, uhlelo lokuphatha umsebenzi nokuhlola, seziyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphatha ishabhu yensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi be-laser bazoshintsha kancane kancane babe osonkontileka bokwenza amashidi.
