Izilungiselelo zokuqopha nge-laser ziyahlukahluka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, uhlobo lwe-laser, kanye namandla kagesi. 60W CO2 i-laser, ukuqoshwa kokhuni ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amandla angu-15–25% ku-300–500 mm/s, i-acrylic isebenzisa amandla angu-10–20% amandla ku-350–400 mm/s, isikhumba sisebenzisa amandla angu-10–15% ku-200–400 mm/s, kanti insimbi emboziwe isebenzisa amandla angu-15–30% amandla angu-250–350 mm/s. Njalo sebenzisa isikali sokuhlola ezintweni ezilahliwe ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi yakho.
Ziyini Izilungiselelo Zokuqopha Nge-Laser?
Izilungiselelo zokuqopha nge-laser zibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kwejubane, amandla, imvamisa (PPI/Hz), kanye nesisombululo (DPI) ezilawula indlela i-laser esebenzisana ngayo nezinto ezithile. Ukuthola la mapharamitha ngendlela efanele umehluko phakathi kokuqopha okuqinile, kobungcweti kanye nokungcola okushile, okungafundeki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i- CO2 umshini wokuqopha laser, i-diode laser, noma i- umshini wokumaka we-fiber laser, ukuqonda lezi zinhlaka eziyinhloko kuqinisekisa imiphumela ephindaphindwayo nekhwalithi ephezulu kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.
Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza izilungiselelo zokuqala ezinconywayo zezinto ezi-4 eziqoshwe kakhulu, kanye namathiphu awusizo aqoqwe kubaqhubi bemishini, abanikazi bezindawo zokusebenzela, kanye nabakhi bezimboni emhlabeni jikelele.
Amapharamitha Abalulekile Athinta Ikhwalithi Yokuqopha
Ngaphambi kokulungisa noma yiziphi izilungiselelo, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini elawulwa yipharamitha ngayinye nokuthi isebenzisana kanjani.
| Ipharamitha | Lokho Elikulawulayo |
|---|---|
| Amandla (%) | Ukuqina komsebe we-laser. Amandla aphezulu ashisa kakhulu futhi abe mnyama. Amandla amaningi ashisa izinto ezithambile. |
| Isivinini (mm/s) | Ukuthi ikhanda le-laser lihamba ngesivinini esingakanani. Isivinini esisheshayo sikhiqiza amamaki alula; isivinini esisheshayo sandisa ukujula kanye nokuvezwa ekushiseni. |
| Imvamisa (PPI/Hz) | Izinga lokushaya kwe-laser. Imvamisa ephezulu iveza imigqa ebushelelezi yokuqopha; imvamisa ephansi ifanela ukusika kwe-vector. |
| Isixazululo (DPI) | Ubuningi bamachashazi okuqoshwe. I-300 DPI ifanela umbhalo nama-logo; I-600+ DPI iyadingeka ukuze kutholakale imininingwane yezithombe. |
| Usizo Lomoya | Umoya ocindezelwe ovuthelwa endaweni yokusika. Unciphisa ukusha kokhuni, uvimbela ukuvutha komlilo ku-acrylic, futhi ususa udoti endaweni yokusebenza. |
| Gxila ebangeni | Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi nobuso bento. Ukugxila okufanele kuveza usayizi omncane kakhulu webala kanye nemininingwane ebukhali kakhulu. |
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesivinini namandla yibo ubuhlobo obubaluleke kakhulu. Amandla aphezulu ahambisana nesivinini esiphansi adala ukuqoshwa okujulile, okumnyama kodwa kuyingozi yokushisa ngokweqile. Amandla aphansi ngesivinini esiphezulu akhiqiza amamaki angabonakali kahle afanele umsebenzi obucayi. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele yento ngayinye yikhono eliyinhloko ekusebenzeni nge-laser. Ukuze uthole incazelo ejulile ye CO2 amapharamitha e-laser, bheka lokhu CO2 umhlahlandlela wamapharamitha wokusika we-laser.
Izilungiselelo Zokuqopha Nge-Laser Zokhuni
Kokuqoshwa ngokhuni ku- CO2 i-laser, sebenzisa i-15–40% amandla angu-300–500 mm/s ekuqopheni okulula kuya kokuphakathi. Izinkuni eziqinile ezifana ne-maple zidinga amandla angaphezudlwana kunezinkuni ezithambile ezifana ne-basswood. Sebenzisa njalo i-air assist ukuze unciphise ukusha.
Izinkuni zisalokhu ziyinto ethandwa kakhulu yokuqopha nge-laser ngenxa yobuhle bazo bemvelo, ukuthengeka kwazo, kanye nokutholakala kwazo kabanzi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni zisabela ngendlela ehlukile emandleni e-laser ngokusekelwe ekuxineni kwazo, okuqukethwe yi-resin, kanye nezinga lomswakama. Izinkuni eziqinile njenge-maple, i-cherry, ne-walnut zikhiqiza ukuqopha okunemibono egqamile enemiphetho eqinile, kuyilapho izinkuni ezithambile njengephayini ne-basswood ziqopha kalula kodwa zingasha uma izilungiselelo zinamandla kakhulu. I-plywood, ikakhulukazi i-Baltic birch, inikeza imiphumela ehambisanayo ngenxa yezendlalelo zayo ezifanayo. Uma uhlola ukusika nokuqopha izinkuni nge-laser okokuqala, kunconywa ukuqala nge-plywood ye-Baltic birch.
CO2 Izilungiselelo ze-Laser zokhuni (Ukuqopha)
| Uhlobo Lokhuni | Amandla (%) | Isivinini (mm/s) | I-DPI | Usizo Lomoya | amanothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBasswood | 15-20 | 350-500 | 300-400 | On | Amamaki alula, ahlanzekile |
| I-Baltic Birch | 20-30 | 300-450 | 300-600 | On | Ukugqama okuhle kakhulu |
| Maple | 25-40 | 300-400 | 400-600 | On | Imininingwane ephezulu ingenzeka |
| Walnut | 20-35 | 300-450 | 300-600 | On | Umehluko omnyama wemvelo |
| I-Pine | 15-25 | 350-500 | 300 | On | Amashadi kalula; sebenzisa amandla aphansi |
| MDF | 15-25 | 350-500 | 300-400 | On | Imiphumela efanayo |
Izilungiselelo ezisekelwe ku- 60W CO2 i-laser. Amandla esikali ngokulingana namanye ama-wattage.
Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Ngokhuni: Gqopha kuqala, bese ufaka ibala noma uqedele ukuze uthuthukise ukugqama. Hlanza insalela ngendwangu emanzi ye-microfiber noma i-isopropyl alcohol. Ukuze uthole ukuqopha okujulile, yehlisa ijubane ngo-10-15% kunokwandisa amandla, okusiza ukuvimbela ukusha emaphethelweni.
Izilungiselelo Zokuqopha Nge-Laser ze-Acrylic
Ukuze uqophe i-acrylic, sebenzisa u-10–20% amandla angu-350–500 mm/s ku-a CO2 I-laser. I-acrylic ehlanganisiwe ikhiqiza isiphetho esimhlophe esiqandisiwe esifaneleka kakhulu ekuboniseni izimpawu. I-acrylic ehlanganisiwe inikeza imiphetho ebushelelezi kodwa umehluko omncane wokuqopha.
I-Acrylic iyinto yesibili ethandwa kakhulu yokuqopha nge-laser, eyaziswa ngokucaca kwayo, ukuhlukahluka kombala, kanye nokuqina kwayo. Umehluko oyinhloko uphakathi kwe-acrylic ehlanganisiwe (ingcono yokuqopha, ikhiqiza isiphetho esikhanyayo se-frosted) kanye ne-acrylic ekhishwe (ingcono yokusika, ikhiqiza imiphetho ecwebezelayo). CO2 Ama-laser ayisinqumo esijwayelekile somsebenzi we-acrylic ngoba ubude be-wavelength obungu-10.6 μm bumuncwa kahle yile nto. Ama-laser e-diode ayalwa ne-acrylic ecacile njengoba ugongolo ludlula ezindaweni ezisobala. Ukuze uqonde izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokuphepha zokusebenza nale nto, buyekeza le nsiza ku- ukuphepha kwe-acrylic yokusika nge-laser.
CO2 Izilungiselelo ze-Laser ze-Acrylic (Ukuqopha)
| Uhlobo lwe-Acrylic | Amandla (%) | Isivinini (mm/s) | I-DPI | Usizo Lomoya | amanothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukulingisa (Okucacile) | 10-18 | 400-500 | 300-600 | ongaphakeme | Ukuqeda okumhlophe okuqandisiwe |
| Abalingisi (Abanemibala) | 12-20 | 350-450 | 300-600 | ongaphakeme | Umehluko omkhulu kumnyama |
| Kuthunyiwe | 10-15 | 400-500 | 300 | ongaphakeme | Iqhwa elincane; imiphetho engcono |
| Ithoni engu-2 | 15-25 | 350-450 | 400-600 | ongaphakeme | Kwembula umbala wesibili |
Izilungiselelo ezisekelwe ku- 60W CO2 Sebenzisa i-laser. Sebenzisa umfutho wokusiza umoya ophansi ukuze ugweme ukufutha imfucuza ezindaweni eziqoshiwe.
Amathiphu Awusizo Nge-Acrylic: Sebenzisa umfutho womoya ophansi ukuze ugweme ukufutha izinto ezincibilikisiwe zibuyele ekuqopheni. Ukuze uthole izimpawu ezikhanyiswe yi-LED, qopha ubuso bangemuva be-acrylic ecacile ukuze uvikele umklamo. Ukusebenzisa itheyiphu yokudlulisa ngaphambi kokuqopha kunciphisa ukuhlanzwa. Kunconywa ukusethwa kwe-DPI okungu-600+ ezithombeni zezithombe.
Izilungiselelo Zokuqopha Nge-Laser Zesikhumba
Ukuqoshwa kwesikhumba ku- CO2 I-laser isebenza kahle kakhulu ku-10–20% amandla kanye no-150–400 mm/s. Isikhumba esifakwe imifino ephuzi siveza imiphumela ehlanzekile kakhulu. Gwema isikhumba esenziwe nge-PVC, esikhipha igesi ye-chlorine enobuthi uma sishiswa.
Ukuqoshwa kwesikhumba kukhule kakhulu njengemakethe, kuqhutshwa yisidingo sezikhwama zemali ezenzelwe wena, amabhande, izikhwama, amapheshi, kanye nezipho zenkampani. Isikhumba esingcono kakhulu somsebenzi we-laser yisikhumba esifakwe imifino (i-veg-tan), esiba mnyama ngendlela ebikezelwayo futhi sikhiqize umehluko omkhulu. Isikhumba esifakwe i-chrome singasebenza kodwa singase sisabela ngokungaguquki. Isikhumba esenziwe noma esenziwe nge-fake ngokuvamile siphephile uma sisekelwe ku-PU (i-polyurethane), kodwa izinto ezenziwe nge-PVC kumele zigwenywe ngokuphelele ngenxa yokukhiqizwa komoya onobuthi. Umoya ofanele kanye nokukhishwa komoya kubalulekile kuyo yonke imisebenzi yesikhumba. Ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wokuthi imishini yokuqoshwa kwe-laser isebenza kanjani, vakashela ku- isebenza kanjani i-laser engraver ikhasi lezinsiza.
CO2 Izilungiselelo ze-Laser zesikhumba (Ukuqopha)
| Uhlobo Lesikhumba | Amandla (%) | Isivinini (mm/s) | I-DPI | Usizo Lomoya | amanothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Veg-Tan (Ekhanyayo) | 10-15 | 300-400 | 300-500 | Kuvaliwe/Kuphansi | Ukungafani okuhle kakhulu kanye nemininingwane |
| I-Veg-Tan (Enzima) | 15-20 | 200-350 | 300-500 | Kuvaliwe/Kuphansi | Ihamba kancane ngokujula |
| I-Chrome-Tan | 10-18 | 250-400 | 300 | Off | Hlola kuqala; imiphumela iyahlukahluka |
| I-PU Yokwenziwa | 8-15 | 300-450 | 300 | Off | Amandla aphansi ukugwema ukuncibilika |
Izilungiselelo ezisekelwe ku- 60W CO2 Njalo qiniseka ukuthi ukhipha intuthu ngendlela efanele lapho uqopha isikhumba.
Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Ngesikhumba: Sebenzisa omaginethi noma izisindo ukuze ubambe isikhumba siqonde embhedeni wokusebenzela. Nciphisa indawo kancane ngaphambi kokuqopha ukuze unciphise ukudaya kwentuthu nxazonke zomklamo. Cima i-air assist noma uyibeke phansi kakhulu ukuze uvimbele amamaki angafuneki ebusweni. Ama-light pass amaningi avame ukukhiqiza imiphumela engcono kune-aggressive pass eyodwa.
Izilungiselelo Zokuqopha Nge-Laser Zensimbi
Ukuqopha ngensimbi kudinga i-laser yefayibha ezindaweni zensimbi ezingenalutho. CO2 Ama-laser angamaka i-aluminium e-anodized kanye nezinsimbi ezimboziwe ku-15–30% amandla. Ama-laser e-fiber aqopha insimbi engagqwali, ithusi, kanye ne-titanium ku-20–60% amandla kuye ngokujula okufiswayo.
Ukuqoshwa kwensimbi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-laser kanye nokwelashwa kobuso bensimbi. CO2 Ama-laser awakwazi ukuqopha insimbi engenalutho ngqo ngoba ubude be-wavelength obuyi-10.6 μm bubonisa izindawo zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, CO2 Ama-laser angamaka i-aluminium e-anodized ngempumelelo ngokususa ungqimba lwe-anodizing olunemibala, futhi angaqopha izinsimbi ezingenalutho lapho kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yokumaka (njenge-CerMark noma i-Enduramark). Ekuqopheni insimbi engenalutho ngaphandle kokumbozwa, i- umshini wokumaka we-fiber laser kubalulekile. Ama-laser e-fibre akhipha ku-1.06 μm, okumuncwa yizinsimbi kahle, okuvumela ukuqoshwa okujulile, amamaki okufaka, kanye nokuqoshwa kobuso obuhlukile kakhulu ensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, ithusi, ithusi, kanye ne-titanium.
Izilungiselelo ze-Fiber Laser zensimbi (Ukuqopha/Ukumaka)
| Uhlobo lwe-Metal | Amandla (%) | Isivinini (mm/s) | imvamisa | Kuyadlula | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insimbi engagqwali | 40-60 | 200-500 | 20-50 kHz | 1-3 | Uphawu olumnyama lwe-anneal |
| Aluminum | 30-50 | 300-600 | 20-40 kHz | 1-2 | Uphawu olumhlophe/olumpunga |
| Brass | 40-70 | 150-400 | 20-30 kHz | 2-4 | Ukuqopha okujulile kungenzeka |
| titanium | 30-50 | 200-500 | eliguqukayo | 1-2 | Ukumaka umbala ngamandla aphansi |
| I-Al Enodised (CO2) | 15-25 | 300-400 | N / A | 1 | Isusa ungqimba lwe-anodize |
Izilungiselelo ze-fiber laser ezisekelwe ku- 30W iyunithi. CO2 izilungiselelo ze-aluminium e-anodized ngokusekelwe ku- 60W iyunithi.
Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiningiliziwe mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokujiya kwensimbi, isivinini, kanye namandla e-fiber lasers, bheka isivinini sokujiya kokusika i-fiber laser kanye neshadi lamandlaUkuze uhlole izindleko nezinketho zokusetha ukuqoshwa kwensimbi e-United States, hlola umhlahlandlela wezindleko zomqophi wensimbi we-laser.
Ukukhetha Uhlobo Olufanele Lwe-Laser Lwezinto Zakho
Akuwona wonke ama-laser asebenza nazo zonke izinto. Ukukhetha umthombo we-laser ofanele kubaluleke njengokushayela izilungiselelo zesivinini namandla. Nasi isifinyezo esisheshayo sokuhambisana ukusiza ukuqondisa isinqumo sakho semishini.
| Material | I-Diode Laser | CO2 I-Laser | I-Laser Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wood | Good | omuhle | Ayifanele |
| I-Acrylic (Ukwakheka) | Okukhawulelwe* | omuhle | Ayifanele |
| isikhumba | Good | omuhle | Kungenzeka** |
| I-Bare Metal | Okungaphezulu Kuphela*** | Ngokumboza | omuhle |
| Insimbi Enodisiwe | Limited | omuhle | omuhle |
Ama-laser e-diode awakwazi ukusika i-acrylic ecacile. **I-fibre ingase ishise isikhumba. ***Ama-laser e-diode adinga ukufuthwa kophawu lwensimbi.
Ungayakha Kanjani Igridi Yokuhlola Yezinto Ezintsha?
Indlela eyodwa ephumelela kakhulu yokudayela izilungiselelo ezintweni ezingajwayelekile ukusebenzisa igridi yokuhlola isivinini namandla. Le ndlela isusa ukuqagela futhi inikeza ireferensi ebonakalayo ongayigcina yemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.
Isinyathelo 1: Dala igridi yezikwele ezincane (10-15 mm ngasinye) kusofthiwe yakho ye-laser. Nika ikholomu ngayinye inani lesivinini elihlukile kanye nomugqa ngamunye inani lamandla elihlukile.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Sebenzisa igridi entweni eqoshiwe yezinto oziqondile. Bhala ama-axes ngqo ezintweni ozisebenzisayo ukuze ubhekisele kuzo.
Isinyathelo 3: Hlola isikwele ngasinye ukuze uthole umehluko, ukujula, ukucija komphetho, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kombala noma ukusha. Khetha inhlanganisela efanelana kahle nomphumela owufunayo.
Isinyathelo 4: Londoloza amapharamitha awinile njengesethi esethiwe kusofthiwe yakho ye-laser (i-LightBurn, i-RDWorks, i-LaserGRBL, noma isilawuli somshini wakho) ukuze ukhumbule ngokuchofoza okukodwa kumaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo.
Le ndlela ehlelekile iyindlela ejwayelekile phakathi kwabasebenzi abangochwepheshe futhi isindisa isikhathi esiningi kanye nokuchitha izinto ezibonakalayo ngaphezu kokuzama nokuphutha okungahleliwe. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuvamile ukusebenza komshini wokuqopha nge-laser amasu okuthuthukisa umsebenzi owengeziwe.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha
Yonke into ikhiqiza umusi, izinhlayiya, noma kokubili ngesikhathi sokucubungula nge-laser. Uhlelo lokukhipha umusi olulinganiswe kahle alukwazi ukuxoxiswana nganoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenzela nge-laser. Ngale kokukhipha, landela le mikhuba ebalulekile yokuphepha.
Izinto Zokungalokothi Zisebenzise I-Laser: I-PVC ne-vinyl (ikhipha igesi ye-hydrochloric acid), i-polycarbonate (ishintsha umbala, ikhiqize umusi onobuthi), i-ABS (ingozi ye-cyanide), izinto eziqukethe i-chlorine, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezinokwakheka okungaziwa. Uma ungabaza, cela i-Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) kumhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa.
Umoya Ongenisa Umoya: Sebenzisa uhlelo lokukhipha umoya olulinganiselwe umthamo womshini wakho. Ukuhlunga okuqondile nge-carbon esebenzayo kuyanconywa ezindaweni zokusebenzela ngaphandle kokufaka umoya ongenisa umoya ongaphandle.
Ukuvimbela Umlilo: Ungalokothi ushiye i-laser esebenza inganakekelwe. Gcina isicisha-mlilo siseduze nengalo. Vumela izinzwa zokubona ilangabi uma umshini wakho uzisekela. Iphepha, indwangu, kanye nesikhumba esincane kuyasha kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi kanye namandla aphezulu.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-laser olungcono kakhulu lwabaqalayo?
A 40–60W CO2 I-laser inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwabaqalayo abafuna ukusebenza ngokhuni, i-acrylic, isikhumba, kanye nezinsimbi ezimboziwe. Ama-laser e-diode ku-10–20W ububanzi bungabizi kakhulu futhi bungaphatha kahle ukhuni nesikhumba, kodwa bunqunyelwe nge-acrylic nensimbi.
Ngingakwazi yini ukuqopha insimbi nge- CO2 laser?
Kuphela ngokulungiselela. CO2 Ama-laser angamaka ngqo i-aluminium e-anodized futhi angaqopha izinsimbi ezingenalutho lapho kufakwa inhlanganisela yokumaka yokushisa kuqala. Ukuze kuqoshwe insimbi ehlala njalo, engenaso isimbozo, kudingeka i-laser yefayibha.
Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukusha kokhuni?
Khulisa isivinini, wehlise amandla, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi usizo lomoya luyasebenza. Ukufaka itheyiphu yomdwebi phezu kobuso ngaphambi kokuqopha kunganciphisa nensalela yentuthu. Ngemva kokuqopha, hlanza ngendwangu emanzi bese ugcoba kancane uma kudingeka.
Ingabe izilungiselelo zokuqopha nge-laser ziyashintsha ngokweminyaka yomshini?
Yebo. CO2 Amashubhu e-laser ayawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, alahlekelwe amandla okukhipha kancane kancane. Ishubhu elikhipha ekuqaleni 60W kungase kwehle kuye ku- 50W noma ngaphansi ngemva kwamahora angu-2,000–4,000. Linganisa kabusha izilungiselelo njalo bese ucabangela ukushintsha ishubhu uma ubona ukusebenza okungafanele njalo. Yimuphi i-DPI okufanele ngiyisebenzise ekuqopheni izithombe?
Ukuqopha izithombe ngokuvamile kudinga i-DPI engu-600 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthole imininingwane eyamukelekayo yethoni. Sebenzisa i-algorithm yokugoba (i-Stucki noma i-Jarvis) kusofthiwe yakho ukuze uguqule izithombe ezimpunga zibe amaphethini amachashazi ahambisana ne-laser. Ijubane eliphansi kanye nokugxila okuqhubekayo kubalulekile emsebenzini wezithombe.
