Imishini Yokugaya Ye-CNC Ethengekayo Ongayithenga Ngo-2025

Incazelo

I-CNC Mill ingumshini wokugaya ozenzakalelayo onesilawuli se-CNC (Computer Numerical Controlled) okufanele usikwe. 2D/3D bobunjwa noma amaphethini okugaya ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. I-CNC Milling iyindlela yokwenza imishini elawulwa izinombolo yekhompyutha efana nokuqoshwa, ukusika, isidina, nokubhoboza, futhi ekwazi ukufeza imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa yimishini yomzila we-CNC nemishini eyisicefe. Isigayo esilawulwa ngekhompuyutha sisebenzisa ithuluzi eliyisilinda elijikelezayo, elikwazi ukuhamba ngama-eksisi amaningi, futhi lingakha ukuhlukahluka komumo, izikhala nezimbobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-workpiece ivame ukuhanjiswa ngaphesheya kwethuluzi lokugaya ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Umshini wokugaya we-CNC uyikhithi yethuluzi lokunemba okuphezulu elisebenza nesilawuli sezinombolo zekhompuyutha ukushayela isisiki sokugaya ukuze sihambe endleleni yamathuluzi ukuze kusike umumo oklanywe i-CAD/CAM noma i-contour, ethuthukiswa ngesisekelo somshini ophathwa ngesandla. Isigayo se-CNC singakwazi ukubhola, ukubhora, ukucofa, 2D/3D ukugaya. Imishini yokugaya edume kakhulu ihlanganisa isigayo esiqondile kanye nesigayo esivundlile, esingaqedela ukuxhumanisa i-axis engu-3, ​​i-axis engu-4 noma engu-5 yokusika nokugaya i-aluminiyamu, ithusi, ithusi, insimbi, nensimbi enamandla amakhulu omshini wokuphotha kanye ne-servo motor ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-spindle isebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kwezingxenye, ukunemba kwensimbi nokunemba. Umshini wokugaya olawulwa yikhompyutha usetshenziselwa izingxenye zezindiza, izingxenye zezimoto, ukwenza isikhunta, izingxenye zemishini, izingxenye zesitimela, nezingxenye zokwakha umkhumbi. Isigayo esilawulwa ngekhompuyutha esizenzakalelayo esinokushintsha kwamathuluzi saziwa nangokuthi isikhungo somshini se-CNC.

isimiso

Imishini yokugaya ye-CNC ihlanganiswa ngenani le-eksisi esebenza kuyo, ebhalwe ngamagama ahlukahlukene. U-X kanye no-Y bachaza ukunyakaza okuvundlile kwe-workpiece (phambili-na-emuva kanye ne-side-to-side ezindaweni eziyisicaba). U-Z umele ukunyakaza okuqondile, noma ukuya phansi naphezulu, kuyilapho u-W emelela ukunyakaza kwe-diagonal enqamula indiza eqondile. Iningi lefomethi enkulu nosayizi abancane abagaywayo banikezela ukusuka ku-eksisi emi-3 ukuya ku-5, ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okungenani ku-eksisi X, Y kanye no-Z. Imishini yokugaya ezenzakalelayo ephezulu, efana nezigayo ezi-5 ze-axis CNC, idinga ukuhlelwa kwezinombolo zekhompyutha ukuze kusebenze kahle ngenxa yejometri eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo ehilelekile enqubweni yokugaya okuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zisetshenziswa ziwusizo kakhulu ngoba ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izimo ezicishe zingenzeki kusetshenziswa izindlela zamathuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla. Izigayo ezilawulwa ngekhompuyutha ziphinde zihlanganise ithuluzi lomshini lokusika iphampu yamanzi ethuluzini ngesikhathi somshini.

Izigayo ezilawulwa izinombolo zekhompyutha zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, futhi izindleko zamathuluzi ezihilelekile ziye zaqhubeka zithengeka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqiza okukhulu okudinga imiklamo elula kuhlinzekwa kangcono ngezinye izindlela, nakuba umshini we-CNC ungamukela izinhlobonhlobo zezidingo zokukhiqiza. Izigayo ze-CNC ziyizixazululo ezifanele kuyo yonke into kusukela ku-prototyping kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesikhashana kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kuya ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezinembayo ezihlukile.

Ngokuyisisekelo susa izinto ezingabazwa noma zisikwe zingenziwa ngomshini wokugaya okuzenzakalelayo, nakuba umsebenzi omningi owenziwa ngensimbi. Njengokuqopha nokusika, izigayo ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe kulo lonke uhlobo lwempahla ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Ukuqina kwempahla, kanye nokuzungezisa kwesigayo kumele konke kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yomshini.

izinhlobo

Izigayo ze-CNC ziza ngezinhlobo eziqondile nezivundlile kuye nge-eksisi yokuphotha. Le mishini iphinde ihlukaniswe njengezinhlobo zezinqama, izinhlobo zamadolo, izinhlobo zamapulani, kanye nezinhlobo zokukhiqiza noma zemibhede. Izigayo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo zinezilawuli zezinombolo zekhompuyutha eziphelele, ama-spindles aguquguqukayo, ama-motor drive kagesi, amasistimu wokupholisa, kanye neziphakeli zetafula ezisebenza ngogesi. Izigayo ze-CNC zihlukaniswe ngemishini yokugaya eqondile, imishini yokugaya evundlile, izigayo ze-turret, izigayo zokulala, ama-multi-axis (3 axis, 4 axis, 5 axis) izigayo.

Izicelo

Izigayo ze-CNC zisetshenziselwa ukuqopha, ukuqopha, ukugaya, ukusika nokumba izinto eziningi zensimbi, okuhlanganisa ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi, insimbi, ithusi, kanye nokugaya okungezona ezensimbi kuhlanganisa ukhuni, igwebu, namapulasitiki. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubunjweni komjovo, isikhunta sensimbi, isikhunta sensimbi, isikhunta sezicathulo, isikhunta sokudonsa, izingxenye zewashi, ama-electrode e-zinc, ama-electrode ethusi, izimoto, ama-electrode ensimbi, ubuciko bensimbi, i-jade, ubuciko bensimbi, ubucwebe, umqhele wamazinyo, nezinye izimboni zokubumba. Idizayinelwe ikakhulukazi ukubumba kwe-batch milling, iwashi, izibuko zamehlo, iphaneli, uhlobo, ibheji, ukucwebezela kwangaphandle, 3D ihluzo namagama, Kulula ukuthi lesi sigayo sakheke 2D/3D ikhulula ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto.

Zamanani

Ngokwezintengo, uhlelo lokuzilibazisa lwe-CNC lokugaya luqala luphansi njenge $3, 600 ku-axis engu-3 futhi phezulu ku- $80,000 yomshini wokugaya we-CNC wezimboni one-axis engu-5. Sibale amamodeli ahlukahlukene, usayizi wetafula elisebenzayo, inani le-eksisi abanayo, isitayela sabo kanye nentengo yohlu lwamanje, okuthi kwezinye izigayo kuhlanganisa $3,000 imali eyengeziwe uma ungeza ikhithi yokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Futhi uma ufuna amadili angcono kakhulu e-CNC Mill, sikukhave lapho futhi.

Imishini enezici ezihlukene inezindleko ezihlukene. Imishini evela kubakhi abahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo inesevisi nokusekelwa okuhlukile, okuzoholela emananini ahlukene.

Imishini evela emazweni ahlukene inamasiko ahlukene, amanani entela, izindleko zokuthumela ezihlukene. Zonke lezi zici zizoholela enanini lokugcina.

Uma ufuna ukuthenga eyodwa phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi uthole intengo yokugcina, sicela usithinte ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yamahhala, sizobala inani lokugcina lomshini wakho wokugaya odingekayo.

Imininingwane

Izici & Izinzuzo

Izigayo ze-CNC zinembayo ngokunemba okuphezulu, okusebenziseka kalula, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme, ikhwalithi yemishini ezinzile nethembekile, engakwazi ukugaya futhi 3D izingxenye ezigobile. Ingakwazi ukubhola, ukwenza kabusha, ukubhora, ukucofa, ukugaya, ukugoba izingxenye zebhokisi.

Ukuthembeka Okuphakeme

Njengoba ukuminyana kokuhlanganiswa komugqa wesifinyezo kwanda, ukuxhumeka okunzima kwezingxenye zokulawula izinombolo kanye nedivayisi yokushayela kuyancishiswa, futhi amaphuzu we-welding, amaphuzu okuxhumana kanye nengaphandle ayancipha ngokuqhubekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuhluleka.

Ukuvumelana nezimo okuphezulu

Njengoba i-hardware yesistimu elawulwa izinombolo zekhompiyutha isemhlabeni wonke futhi ilinganiselwe, ngezidingo zokulawula zemishini ehlukene, kuyadingeka kuphela ukushintsha uhlelo lokulawula uhlelo kumemori efundeka kuphela ehlelekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yesakhiwo se-modular, ibuye ilungele ukunwetshwa kwemisebenzi yesistimu.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu

Ingxenye eguquguqukayo, okuthiwa ukuguquguquka, ukuguquguquka komshini olawulwa ngokucacile ukuze ushintshe nento yokukhiqiza. Ukucutshungulwa komkhiqizo kwenziwa emishinini elawulwa ngekhompuyutha. Uma umkhiqizo ushintsha, uhlelo lokugaya kuphela olungashintshwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza zomkhiqizo omusha. Asikho isidingo sokushintsha i-hardware yengxenye yemishini kanye nengxenye yokulawula, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza iqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lesi sici asanelisi nje kuphela izidingo zokuncintisana zemakethe zokubuyekezwa komkhiqizo osheshayo, kodwa futhi sixazulula inkinga yokukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo kocezu olulodwa, iqoqo elincane, nemikhiqizo eguquguqukayo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile kuyinzuzo evelele kakhulu yemishini elawulwa ngekhompiyutha, futhi kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemishini elawulwa yikhompyutha.

Mechatronics

Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-VLSI, usayizi webhokisi lekhabhinethi uyancishiswa, kusetshenziswe isikhombimsebenzisi esihlelekayo, futhi ama-logic circuits we-S, M, T (ukulawula ukudluliselwa kwe-spindle, umsebenzi osizayo kanye nemingcele yamathuluzi) nezinye izingxenye zokulawula ezilandelanayo zihlanganiswa nedivayisi ye-Nc. Ngakho-ke, wonke amabhokisi okulawula afakwe emshinini, okunciphisa indawo ephansi futhi kusiza ukuphathwa kwemishini.

Izinto Zokucatshangelwa

Ukucatshangelwa Okuyisisekelo

1. Emisebenzini yomshini wokugaya ozenzakalelayo, gqoka izingubo zokusebenza, ubophe ama-cuffs amakhulu ngokuqinile, futhi ubophe ihembe ngaphansi kwebhulukwe. Abafundi besifazane kufanele bagqoke izigqoko eziqinile futhi bafake ama-braids esigqokweni. Akuvunyelwe ukugqoka izimbadada, ama-slippers, izithende eziphakeme, ama-vesti, iziketi nezikhafu ukuze ungene endaweni yokusebenzela;

2. Qaphela ukuthi ungazisusi noma ungalimazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifakwe emshinini;

3. Qaphela ukuthi ungabeki izithiyo ezizungeze isigayo esizenzakalelayo, futhi indawo yokusebenza kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele;

4. Uma abantu abangu-2 noma ngaphezulu bedingeka ukuze baqedele umsebenzi othile, kufanele banake ukubambisana;

5. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuhlanza izigayo, amakhabethe kagesi namayunithi e-NC;

6. Ukufundela umsebenzi kufanele kwenziwe emishinini namakhompyutha aqokiwe. Ngaphandle kwemvume, eminye imishini, amathuluzi, noma amaswishi kagesi ngeke kuthuthwe ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ukulungiswa

1. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, kufanele ujwayelane nokusebenza okujwayelekile, ukwakheka, isimiso sokudlulisa kanye nohlelo lokulawula lwesigayo esizenzakalelayo, futhi uphathe kahle imisebenzi nezinqubo zokusebenza zezinkinobho zokusebenza nezibani zezinkomba. Ungasebenzisi futhi ulungise isigayo esizenzakalelayo uze uqonde yonke inqubo yokusebenza.

2. Ngaphambi kokuqala umshini, hlola ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula ugesi lomshini lujwayelekile, ukuthi uhlelo lokuthambisa aluvinjiwe, izinga likawoyela lilungile, bese wengeza uwoyela wokugcoba owanele ngokwezidingo ezishiwo, ukuthi izibambo zokusebenza zilungile yini, nokuthi izinto zokusebenza, okokulungisa namathuluzi kuqiniswe ngokuqinile ukuthi alikho iphutha ngaphambi kokuthi lisetshenziswe ngendlela evamile.

3. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lomshini lususwe iphutha, kufanele lugunyazwe umfundisi ukuthi lusebenze ngokwezinyathelo, futhi aluvunyelwe ukweqa izinyathelo. Ngaphandle kwemvume yomfundisi, sebenzisa noma usebenze ngokwephula imithethonqubo, futhi imiphumela izothathwa njengamaphuzu ayiziro, futhi labo ababangela ingozi bayojeziswa futhi banxeshezelwe ngokulahlekelwa okuhambisanayo ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele.

4. Ngaphambi kokwenza izingxenye zomshini, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokuqinile ukuthi imvelaphi yomshini kanye nedatha yethuluzi ijwayelekile, futhi wenze ukugijima kokulingisa ngaphandle kokusika i-trajectory.

Ukuqapha

1. Lapho ucubungula izingxenye, umnyango ovikelayo kufanele uvalwe, ikhanda nezandla azivunyelwe ukungena emnyango wokuzivikela, futhi umnyango ovikelayo awuvunyelwe ukuvulwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula;

2. Ngesikhathi sokugaya, opharetha akavunyelwe ukushiya umshini ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, futhi kufanele agcine izinga eliphezulu lokugxila futhi abheke isimo sokusebenza somshini. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka okungavamile noma ingozi, ukusebenza kohlelo kufanele kunqanyulwe ngokushesha, ugesi kufanele unqanyulwe futhi umfundisi kufanele abikwe ngesikhathi, futhi akukho okunye ukusebenza komshini okufanele kwenziwe;

3. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukushaya iphaneli yokulawula futhi uthinte isikrini esibukweni kanzima. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukungqongqoza etafuleni lokusebenza, inkomba yekhanda, ama-clamps nama-guide rails;

4. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuvula iKhabhinethi yokulawula yesistimu elawulwa izinombolo zekhompyutha ukuze ubuke futhi uthinte ngaphandle kwemvume;

5. Umsebenzisi akavunyelwe ukushintsha imingcele yangaphakathi yomshini ngokuthanda kwakhe. Abafundi abasafundela umsebenzi abavunyelwe ukuthi bashayele noma baguqule ezinye izinhlelo ezingahlanganiswanga yibona;

6. Kukhompyutha encane yokulawula umshini, akukho okunye ukusebenza komshini okuvunyelwe ngaphandle kokusebenza kohlelo nokudluliswa nokukopishwa kohlelo;

7. Umshini wokugaya ozenzakalelayo uyithuluzi lokunemba okuphezulu. Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza ebhentshini lokusebenzela, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukupakisha noma yimaphi amathuluzi, izinsimbi, izindwani, amathuluzi okulinganisa, ama-workpieces nezinye izinto eziningi emshinini;

8. Akuvunyelwe ukuthinta ichopho le-cutter ne-iron filings ngesandla. Amafayili ensimbi kufanele ahlanzwe ngezingwegwe zensimbi noma amabhulashi;

9. Akuvunyelwe ukuthinta i-spindle ejikelezayo, i-workpiece noma ezinye izingxenye ezihambayo ngesandla noma nganoma iyiphi enye indlela;

10. Akuvunyelwe ukukala i-workpiece, ukuguqulwa kwejubane le-manual ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi ungasuli i-workpiece ngentambo kakotini, noma ukuhlanza umshini;

11. Akuvunyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi yomshini wokuvivinya;

12. Uma usebenzisa isondo lesandla noma ukunqamula ngokushesha ukuze uhambise indawo ye-eksisi ngayinye, qiniseka ukuthi ubona izimpawu ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-eksisi yomshini X, Y, kanye no-Z ngaphambi kokunyakaza. Uma uhamba, phendula isondo lesandla kancane kancane ukuze ubheke isiqondiso sokuhamba komshini wokugaya olawulwa yikhompyutha ngaphambi kokusheshisa ukunyakaza;

13. Uma ukukalwa kosayizi wesiqephu sokusebenza sidinga ukumiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo, umbhede obekwe eceleni kufanele umiswe ngokuphelele futhi i-spindle ingamiswa ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe ukulinganisa ukugwema izingozi zomuntu;

14. Uma umshini ungasetshenziswa izinsuku ezimbalwa, izingxenye ze-NC ne-CRT kufanele zinikezwe amandla amahora angu-2-3 njalo ngemva kolunye usuku;

15. Uma ucisha, linda ukuthi i-spindle ime imizuzu emi-3 ngaphambi kokuvala.

Ukuxazulula

Umshini ngamunye uzohlangabezana nezinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga uwedwa ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezivame kakhulu nezisombululo ezibalwe ngezansi.

1. Ukuhluleka kwe-spindle motor: Kuzodala ukujula okuhlukene kokugaya.

2. I-spindle kanye netafula akuzona i-perpendicular etafuleni futhi zidinga ukulungiswa (Izimpawu: ukujula kwezikhundla zokusika nokuvala kuhlukile). Kuzokwenza ukuthi umshini wehluleke.

3. Izinkinga zokuma kwe-spindle.

3.1. Ukujikeleza okufushane ngaphakathi kwe-spindle.

3.2. Isivikelo samanje.

3.3. Isethingi yepharamitha ye-inverter ayilungile noma iphutha layo.

3.4. Ikhadi lokulawula linephutha.

3.5. Ulayini we-shaft oyinhloko noma ulayini wedatha unomjikelezo omfushane.

4. Izinkinga zomsindo ongajwayelekile wokujikeleza kokuphotha.

4.1. I-inverter isethwe ngokungalungile.

4.2. I-spindle ayijikelezi.

4.3. Kunenkinga nge-spindle ngokwayo (i-bearing elimele).

5. Izinkinga zokuthi i-spindle ijikeleze ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yehluleke ukuma.

5.1. Ikhadi lokulawula linephutha.

5.2. I-inverter inephutha.

6. Izinkinga zokuthi kungani i-spindle motor ingajikelezi noma ihlehle.

6.1. Hlola izilungiselelo zepharamitha ye-inverter.

6.2. Ukuthi intambo yesiginali ye-inverter ixhumeke ngokuhlehla.

7. Izinkinga zokuma kungazelelwe noma ukujikeleza kancane kwe-spindle motor ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

7.1. I-voltage esebenzayo ayizinzile noma igcwele ngokweqile, vele ungeze i-voltage stabilizer.

7.2. Hlola ukuthi umugqa ophakathi uxhumeke kahle yini nokuthi isiphetho somugqa asinaso i-nsolder.

Qonda izinto ezibalwe ngenhla, uzoxazulula izinkinga ngokuya ngezimbangela zalokhu kwehluleka, futhi ukhule kusukela kwabaqalayo ukuya ekubeni uchwepheshe ku-CNC milling.