CNC Machining Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi

I-CNC Machining - Kuyini?

I-CNC machining iyinqubo yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo eyenza ukusikeka okunembile, ukugaya, ukuphenduka, nokuqoshwa. Iyashesha kakhulu, ishibhile futhi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunomshini wezandla. Usuzofunda ukuthi konke lokhu kungasho ukuthini kuwe nezidingo zakho zokukhiqiza.

Imishini

Okokuqala, ungase uzuze ekuqondeni inqubo yokwenza imishini. Zicabange uklama okuthile ngokuhlephula izingcezu entweni enkulu. Mhlawumbe uqopha ugodo lokwenza isikebhe, noma uqopha ubuso ngemabula.

Kalula nje, ukukhanda kulapho wenza umumo oyifunayo ngento ethile ngokusika, ukuyishefa noma ukuyiqopha. Yigama lokukhiqiza futhi ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi lihilela insimbi nje. Eqinisweni, uhla olubanzi lwezinto zingase zenziwe machining, kufaka phakathi ipulasitiki, izinkuni noma itshe.

I-CNC Machining

I-"CNC" ku-CNC machining isho "I-Computer Numerical Control". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuluzi ekhompiyutha asetshenziswa phakathi nenqubo. Ngokungafani nomshini wezandla, lokhu kukuchaya ezinhlobonhlobo zezinzuzo.

Uma ukumshini kwenziwa ngesandla, amaphutha okukhiqiza maningi amathuba okuthi enzeka. Ngomshini we-CNC, umane usethe ithuluzi lekhompuyutha kanye. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ungenziwa ngengxenye yejubane. Ungakwazi ukuphinda inqubo ngesivinini esifanayo nangokunemba okufanayo.

● Ikhwalithi ephezulu iyisiqiniseko esingcono kakhulu semishini ye-CNC.

● Ungenza izingxenye eziningi ngokuyimpumelelo.

● Ingozi yamaphutha omuntu yehliswa ibe ncane.

● Ukulungiswa mathupha akuthinti ukuvumelana komklamo wokugcina.

Isebenza kanjani i-CNC Machining?

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi ukwenza imishini ye-CNC kuyinqubo yokubaza enembayo ekukhiqizeni. Uyazi futhi ukuthi Iguqula imiklamo yedijithali ibe imikhiqizo yokugcina noma izingxenye. Nokho, kuleli qophelo ungase ube nelukuluku lokwazi mayelana nenqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Isebenza kanjani?

1. Qalisa Nge-CAD Software.

Uqala inqubo yakho yokwenza imishini ye-CNC ngokuklama idijithali 3D imodeli. Ukufeza lokhu ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-computer-aid design (CAD). Okuthandwa yi-Fusion 360, i-SolidWorks ne-AutoCAD konke kuyizintandokazi zemboni. Isofthiwe ye-CAD ikuvumela ukuthi ubhale amapulani abonakalayo achaza bonke ubukhulu bento oyifunayo.

"I-Grand View Research" ingumthombo othembekile negunya endaweni yokukhiqiza. Ngo-2023 yabika ukuthi imakethe yesoftware ye-CAD ikhula emhlabeni wonke ngo-7.5% unyaka nonyaka. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinqubo ze-CNC kuhlobene kakhulu nalokho. Lokhu kuphinde kwakhuthaza ukuncintisana kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha phakathi kwabenzi be-software ye-CAD.

2. Guqula i-CAD yakho ibe yi-CAM.

Manje njengoba usuwuqedile umklamo wakho wokugcina usebenzisa i-CAD, okusalungiswa okubonakalayo kuyatholakala nazo zonke izilinganiso zakho eziyinkimbinkimbi nemininingwane. Idizayini yakho ye-CAD ibe isicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokukhiqiza ikhompyutha (i-CAM). Isofthiwe ye-CAM iguqula idizayini yakho ye-CAD ibe ikhodi ye-G - ulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa imishini ye-CNC.

Ikhodi ye-G ingakwazi ukufaka umyalo oqondile wehle kuze kufike ejubaneni eliqondile le-spindle ngesikhathi sezingxenye ezithile zenqubo yomshini. I-MIT's Machine Shop ibika lokho 30% isikhathi esiphelele sokukhiqiza ngingancishiswa ngesoftware ye-CAM eyenziwe kahle.

Okuhamba phambili embonini ye-CAM njengamanje yimikhiqizo efana ne-HSMWorks ne-MasterCAM.

3. Setha Umshini Wakho we-CNC kanye Nenqubo

Uma usulayishe ngempumelelo ikhodi yakho ye-G ku- Umshini we-CNC, ikhompuyutha yomshini ifunda imiyalelo. Manje ingakwazi ukuyala i-blade noma ithuluzi lokuhlela ngokunembile phansi ngendlela ehleliwe. Imishini ehamba phambili iqinisekisa ukubekezelelana okunembe njengamayintshi angu-0.001 - izacile kunezinwele.

4. Zizenzele ukuze Unembe.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kungatholwa kanjani nge-automation. I-NASA ithi izingxenye zayo zomshini we-CNC zifika namaphutha ambalwa ngo-99.8%. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma ususa ithuba lephutha lomuntu, ukwenza imishini yezandla akukwazi ukuncintisana nemishini ye-CNC.

I-CNC machining iyinqubo ezenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye ozifisayo zenziwe ngokunembile, zifika ngokushesha futhi zingenziwa kabusha kaninginingi. Usebenzisa imishini ye-CNC, ungakhuphula ngokushesha noma wehlise ijubane ukukhiqiza. Iwumgogodla wezimboni zezimoto, ezokwelashwa, ezobunjiniyela kanye nezomkhathi.

Manje uyazi ukuthi i-CNC machining isebenza kanjani. Ake sibheke izinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile nokuthi kungani izimboni eziningi zithembele kuyo.

Izinzuzo ze-CNC Machining

Usuvele uyazi okwamanje ukuthi izinqubo ze-CNC zikhiqiza izingxenye ezingaguquki, ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Bheka izinzuzo ezi-5 ezilandelayo ezisekelwe eqinisweni zokusebenzisa imishini ye-CNC enqubweni yakho yokukhiqiza.

1. Uvikela Ukunemba

Izinga lokunemba ongalifinyelela ngomshini we-CNC lingaba eduze kwamayintshi angu-0.001. Lesi yisibalo esithembeke kakhulu, ngisho neNASA isebenzisa izinqubo ze-CNC. Umdondoshiya wenza izingxenye eziningi zamarokhethi futhi uqeda ngale ndlela.

Amathuluzi amaningi ezokwelapha avamile ongacabanga ngawo enziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ye-CNC. Cabanga nge-scalpel noma i-prosthetic, noma ngisho ne-stethoscope. Zonke lezi zenza uhlobo oluthile lomshini ekwenzeni kwazo, futhi akuvamile ukuthi zenziwe ngesandla.

Kukhona nabakhi bezimoto, onjiniyela, abakhi bamabhanoyi nokunye. Lezi izimboni ezinkulu nezibalulekile ezithembele ekunembeni okungaguquki ukuze zenze izinto. Uzoba nesikhathi esinzima sokuthola izimboni lapho imishini ye-CNC ingasetshenziswa.

2. Uzigcinela Isikhathi

Ukwamukela izinqubo ze-CNC kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule amanani okukhiqiza. Ngo-2022, i-Journal of Manufacturing Systems yabika ukuthi imishini ye-CNC inganciphisa izikhathi zokulinda ngesigamu. Imishini ingasebenza ngawo wonke amahora osuku ngaphandle kokuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye zakho zenziwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kwezikhathi zekhefu ezihambisana nomsebenzi wezandla.

Ungavula i-oda leviki noma lenyanga kwelithatha amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku. Ngokulandelayo, uthola ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho iye emakethe ngokushesha kunomncintiswano wakho.

3. Wonga Izindleko

Imishini ye-CNC ikuvumela ukuthi wonge ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza. Kungaholela nasekukhuliseni ukuthengisa kwakho.

Ukusebenzisa izinqubo ze-CNC kukuvumela ukuthi wonge ezindlekweni zomsebenzi wezandla. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ungasabalalisa izindleko zokutholwa kuzo zonke izingxenye ezingenakubalwa. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi imishini ye-CNC ingakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zezingxenye nemikhiqizo yokuphela. Nakuba kungenzeka, akuvamile ukuthola i-CNC inikezwe umsebenzi owodwa.

4. Ungakwazi Umshini Izinto Eziningi

Uzodukiswa ucabange ukuthi ukwenza imishini kuyinqubo yensimbi kuphela. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ungakwazi umshini izinsimbi kusuka ku-aluminium kuya ku-titanium, ipulasitiki, ukhuni netshe kungangena kwi-CNC machining.

Futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke ukhawulelwe ngenani lezinto ongazikhiqiza. Okungcono nakakhulu, ukukhetha kwakho kwempahla kungashintshwa ngokuphazamiseka okuncane ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.

5. Ungakwazi Ukukala Ibhizinisi Lakho

Ekuqaleni, ungase uzithole usebenza nezingxenye ezingaba ngu-20 noma ngaphezulu. Kungase kube nezikhathi zokulinda ezinde phakathi kokuwa-oda nalapho efika. Ngomshini we-CNC, ukukhiqizwa kwakho kungakhula kakhulu esikhathini esiyizinyanga.

Akuzona kuphela izikhathi zokuhola ezincishisiwe, kodwa izinguquko zokuklama zingasetshenziswa ngokushesha, futhi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqeqesha abasebenzi ngemiklamo emisha. Umane ubuyekeze idizayini yedijithali futhi usulungele ukuhamba. Konke lokhu kulingana okuncane kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokukhiqizwa okwandisiwe

Imishini ye-CNC inikeza izinzuzo ezicacile zokukhiqiza okukhulayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzama ngesibonelo esisha. Ungase uqiniseke ngokwanele ukukhuphula umkhiqizo wakho okhona. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, ukukala ibhizinisi lakho ngokusebenzisa imishini ye-CNC kuvikela ukunemba, ukulawula nokonga izindleko.

Manje usufunde kahle ukuthi ukwenza imishini ye-CNC kukunikeza kanjani ukunemba, isivinini, nokonga kwezindleko. Uyazi futhi ukuthi isebenza ngezinto eziningi nezikali ngebhizinisi lakho. Lezi zinzuzo zenza i-CNC ibaluleke ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje.

Izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-CNC

Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ingxenye eyenziwe kodwa awukwazi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inqubo ye-CNC ozoyisebenzisa. Qiniseka - ngezansi umhlahlandlela ohlakaniphile wezindlela ezi-5 ezivame kakhulu zokucubungula i-CNC.

1. CNC Milling

Kumajamo ayinkimbinkimbi, kukhona ukugaya kwe-CNC. Inqubo yokugaya ibona ama-cutters ajikelezayo angasetshenziswa. Laba basiki bangakwazi ukuhamba ngezindlela eziningi ngenkathi into esetshenzwayo ihlezi isendaweni.

Izinzuzo ze-CNC Milling

● Inqubo yokugaya ikuvumela ukuba uqophe amaphakethe ayinkimbinkimbi.

● Iyakwazi ukuqopha kahle 3D ama-contours kanye nezikhala ezithambile kakhulu.

● Ungakwazi ukugaya izinto eziqinile njenge-titanium nezinto ezingaqinile njengepulasitiki.

● Ukubekezelela kufika ku-0.001 kungafinyelelwa (SME Journal, 2023).

Uya ku-CNC Milling lapho udinga izingxenye ezenziwe ngobunyoninco ezinemininingwane emihle kakhulu.

2. I-CNC Turning

Kuzo zonke lezo zingxenye eziyindilinga namajika, ukujika kwe-CNC kungcono kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo, uthola ukuhambisa impahla nxazonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisendaweni ephelele.

Ukuphenduka kwe-CNC kunikezelwe ekukhiqizeni izinto ezihambayo phakathi kwezinye. Cabanga ngengxenye ye-hydraulic noma izinsimbi zezinjini. Ukwenza amajika anjalo kudinga ukunemba okunyakazayo ngezigxivizo ezingangeni moya.

Izinzuzo ze-CNC Turning

● Inqubo kufakazelwa ukuthi injalo 30% ngokushesha kune-lathing manual.

● Kuphumela ekupheleleni okungcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezigobile

● Inqubo ibonakala ngokushesha ekuguquleni okuphezulu kwezinto eziyindilinga ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi

I-CNC Turning yinqubo othembele kuyo uma udinga izingxenye ezijikelezayo kanye nokulinganisa.

3. CNC Drilling

Umsebenzi wokumba ubalulekile. I-othomathikhi nge-CNC, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izimbobo ezinembile, ezingangeni moya. Ukunikezwa okunembayo kusezingeni elingenakuphikiswa umzamo womuntu. Cabanga ngokudalwa kokuthile okuningiliziwe njengebhodi lesifunda noma injini yemoto. Lezo zinto zidinga izimbobo zazo zibhojwe ngokunemba okukhulu futhi ngamanani asheshayo.

Izinzuzo CNC Drilling

● Ngokwesilinganiso, ungakhiqiza izimbobo ezingaba ngu-50 ngomzuzu usebenzisa ukumba i-CNC. Lokho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi into esetshenzwayo

● Ungakwazi ukusebenzela imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.

● Ivumela ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo umsebenzi wokumba ongathatha amahora ukuqedwa.

Uma usebenza kokuthile okudinga imbobo eminingi eqondile ibholwe ngokulandelana ngokushesha khona-ke ukubhola kwe-CNC kuyisixazululo sakho.

4. CNC Ukugaya

Indlela ye-CNC elungele ukuqedwa okuphelele ukugaya kwe-CNC. Ngezinye izikhathi iziphetho ezingxenyeni ozi-oda kufanele zibe bushelelezi njengesibuko. Ingxenye ingadinga ukuthungwa okuhlukahlukene ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.

Amasondo abrasive asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokugaya umshini. Yile nqubo evumela ukuthi kuqedwe okucacisiwe ezindaweni ezingomshini. Le nqubo ingase isetshenziselwe ukulola nokuthuntutha izinto.

Izinzuzo CNC Ukugaya

● Ingafakwa ezintweni ezinkulu njengophephela bendiza kumathuluzi amancane njengamascalpel okuhlinza.

● Inqubo ingasetshenziswa ukususa amaphutha amancane.

● Ilungele ukusekela izindinganiso zemboni.

● Ukugaya kwe-CNC nakho kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo.

Uzobe usebenzisa ukugaya kwe-CNC lapho ingaphezulu lento oyidingayo kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

5. Izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe ze-CNC

Kungenzeka ukuthi ucabange ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukene ze-CNC. Lokhu kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile kuzo zonke izimboni. Ingxenye noma ithuluzi kungadingeka ukuthi ligaywe futhi libhojwe, noma ligaywe futhi liphendulwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuvamile ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene kunqubo yemishini ye-CNC.

Nasi izibalo eziqinisekisayo. Ngaphezu kwama-67% abakhiqizi bahlanganisa izinqubo ze-CNC ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu. Lokho ngokombiko we-IMIS oshicilelwe ngo-2024.

🔴 Ububi be-CNC Machining

Izinzuzo zemishini ye-CNC azidingeki ukusho, kodwa awukwazi ukungazinaki izithiyo zayo. Ngezansi STYLECNC izochaza ngobubi bayo obukhulu ngokuningiliziwe.

1. Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu

Imishini ye-CNC (njengemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, izintambo ze-CNC, amarutha e-CNC, imishini ye-CNC ye-axis emi-5) idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwangaphambili.

Izindleko zokusetha nezamathuluzi: Ukulungiswa kwangokwezifiso, amathuluzi okusika, nezinhlelo kunganyusa izindleko, ikakhulukazi esimweni samaqoqo amancane.

2. Kudingeka Ukusebenza Okunekhono

Nakuba i-CNC inciphisa umsebenzi wezandla, isadinga ochwepheshe abanekhono (abaqhubi nabahleli bohlelo) ukuze bahlele, bamise, futhi banakekele.

Izindleko zokuqeqesha: Abasebenzi badinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuba bathathe izikhala zabo, okwandisa izindleko zabasebenzi.

3. Ukumosha Izinto

Ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo: Imishini ye-CNC isusa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, okuholela ekulahlekeni okwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqiza okungeziwe (okufana 3D ukuphrinta).

Izindleko eziphakeme zezinto ezibizayo: Ukumosha izinto ezifana ne-titanium noma i-Inconel kungase kubize.

4. Imikhawulo Yedizayini Ekhethekile

Nakuba i-CNC ingakhiqiza izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, imiklamo ethile ekhethekile (njengamagridi angaphakathi, ama-chamfers) kunzima ukuyifinyelela ngaphandle uma kukhona umshini we-CNC we-multi-axis.

Izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zibiza kakhulu: ukwenziwa kwemishini ye-CNC ye-5-axis kunganciphisa imikhawulo, kodwa futhi kuzonyusa izindleko zokutshala imali.

5. Enkulu Ingxenye Machining Imikhawulo

Usayizi olinganiselwe wethebula lomshini we-CNC uyabavimbela ekubambeni iqhaza kumaphrojekthi athile amakhulu, adinga ezinye izindlela zokwenza imishini.

6. Isondlo kanye Nesikhathi Sokuphumula

Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC adinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okuhlanganisa ukuthambisa, ukulinganisa nokushintshwa kwezingxenye (isib. izikulufu zokuphotha, izikulufu zebhola).

Ukwehluleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula kungase kubangele ukuthi ulayini wokukhiqiza uphazamiseke noma umiswe.

7. Slow Mass Production

Uma kuziwa kumaqoqwana amakhulu kakhulu (isb. izigidi zezingxenye), izinqubo ezinjengokubumba umjovo, ukugxiviza noma ukufaka amafa abiza kakhulu.

8. Imikhawulo Yokuqeda Ubuso

Ukuthola indawo ebushelelezi kakhulu ngokuvamile kudinga imisebenzi yesibili eyengeziwe njengokupholisha nokugaya.

Isiphetho

Izinzuzo zemishini ye-CNC ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zesimanje, kodwa izindleko zayo zokuqala zenza abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane badikibale, futhi ukuhlela kwe-CNC kudinga ulwazi, okwenza abaqalayo bangabi nokuzethemba. Ngamafuphi, ukwenza imishini ye-CNC kuza nobuhle nobubi. Noma ngabe ungumfundi noma uchwepheshe, wonke umuntu uzodlala ngamandla akhe futhi agweme ubuthakathaka bakhe ukuze athole akudingayo.

I-Final Take on CNC Machining

Uhlole ngempumelelo amandla aphelele emishini ye-CNC. Kusukela ekunembeni kwayo nesivinini, kuya ezinqubweni ezingu-5 ezibalulekile, nonke nibambekile. Ungabona futhi ukuthi kungani kuwumgogodla wokukhiqiza wesimanje.

Unakho konke lokhu engqondweni, kungase kube kuhle ukuba nozakwethu othembekile wemishini ye-CNC eceleni kwakho.

Sebenzisa i-CNC Machining Yebhizinisi Lakho

Ukuhlomele ngokugcwele ukubona ukuthi ukwenziwa kwemishini ye-CNC kukulethela kanjani ukunemba, isivinini, kanye nokuqina. Okufanele ukwenze manje ukuthatha isinyathelo. CNC machining ikunikeza onqenqemeni ukuncintisana, futhi at STYLECNC, sisebenza ngokukhethekile kumasevisi emishini ye-CNC afana nezidingo zakho ngqo.

Uma udinga ukuqonda ngokweqiniso ukwenziwa kwe-CNC, uthole umlingani wakho nomhlahlandlela. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana.