Isisekelo esiyisisekelo se- uhlelo lokumaka lwe-laser ukuthi i-laser eqhubekayo enamandla amakhulu ikhiqizwa i-laser generator, futhi i-laser egxilile isebenza ezintweni zokuphrinta, okwenza izinto ezingaphezulu zincibilike noma zihwamuke ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngokulawula indlela ye-laser endaweni ebonakalayo, amamaki adingekayo wesithombe nesithombe angakhiwa.
Ukumakwa kwe-laser kubonakala ngokucubungula okungathinteki, okungamakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo emise okukhethekile ngaphandle kokuguqulwa nokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Ilungele ukumaka izinto ezifana nezinsimbi, amapulasitiki, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, ukhuni, isikhumba, njll.
Uhlelo Lokumaka Lwemodi Yemaski
Ukumaka imaski kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi wukumaka okukhombisayo. Uhlelo lokumaka imaski lwakhiwe nge-laser, imaskhi kanye ne-imaging lens. Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuthi i-laser beam enwetshwe ngesibonakude ilinganiswa ngokulinganayo kumaski eyenziwe kusengaphambili, futhi ukukhanya kudluliselwa kusuka endaweni eqoshiwe. Iphethini epuleti lemaski ifanekiswa kucezu lokusebenza (indiza egxile) ngokusebenzisa ilensi. Ngokuvamile, ishayela ngalinye lingakha umaka. Ingaphezulu lezinto ezishiswa nge-laser ishiselwa ngokushesha ukuze lihwamuke noma likhiqize ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi umbala uyashintsha wenze amamaki acacile nahlukanisekayo. CO2 i-laser ne-YAG laser ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukumaka imodi yemaski. Inzuzo eyinhloko yokumaka imodi yemaski ukuthi i-laser pulse eyodwa ingenza uphawu oluphelele kufaka phakathi izimpawu eziningana ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke isivinini sokumaka siyashesha. Ngenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo, ingamakwa ngokuqondile emugqeni wokukhiqiza. Okubi ukuguquguquka okuncane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane.
Isistimu yokumaka ye-Array
Isebenzisa ama-laser amaningana amancane ukukhipha ama-pulses ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngemva kokudlula kusibonisi kanye nelensi egxilile, ama-laser pulses amaningana ablate (ancibilike) imigodi emincane yobukhulu obufanayo nokujula ebusweni bento ephawuliwe. Umlingiswa ngamunye kanye nephethini yakhiwe ngale migodi emincane eyindilinga emnyama, ngokuvamile amaphuzu angu-5 ngemivimbo evundlile kanye namaphoyinti angu-7 ngemivimbo eqondile, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe uhlu oluyi-5 × 7. Ngokuvamile, i-RF enamandla aphansi ijabulile CO2 I-laser isetshenziswa ekumaka kwe-array, futhi isivinini sayo sokumaka singafinyelela kuzinhlamvu ezifinyelela ku-6000 / mu. Ngakho-ke, isiphenduke inketho ekahle yokumaka ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu. Ububi bayo ukuthi ingamaka kuphela izinhlamvu ze-matrix yamachashazi, futhi ingafinyelela kuphela ukulungiswa okungu-5 × 7, okungenakuzisiza izinhlamvu zesiShayina.
Isistimu yokumaka yokuskena
Uhlelo lokumaka lokuskena lwakhiwe ngekhompyutha, i-laser kanye nendlela yokuskena ye-XY. Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukufaka ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze uphawule kukhompuyutha. Ikhompiyutha ilawula indlela yokuskena ye-laser ne-XY ngokohlelo oluklanywe kusenesikhathi, ukuze indawo ye-laser enamandla amakhulu eguqulwa uhlelo olukhethekile lokubona ikwazi ukuskena futhi ihambe endaweni ewumshini ukuze yakhe amamaki.
Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuskena ye-XY inezinhlobo ezi-2 zesakhiwo: eyodwa ukuskena ngomshini, enye ukuskena kwe-galvanometer.
Ukuskena komshini
Isistimu yokumaka yokuskena ngomshini ayinyakazi i-beam ngokushintsha i-engeli yokuzungezisa yesibuko, kodwa ihambisa i-XY coordination yesibuko ngendlela yomshini, ukuze kuguqulwe indawo ye-laser beam efika endaweni yokusebenza. Indlela yokuskena ye-XY yalolu hlelo lokumaka ivamise ukufakwa kabusha nge-plotter. Inqubo yayo yokusebenza: i-laser beam idlula ku-reflector ejika indlela yokukhanya, bese idlula ngepeni lokukhanya (i-lens egxilile) ukudubula ku-workpiece ezocutshungulwa. Phakathi kwazo, ingalo yepeni ye-plotter ingahamba kuphela emuva naphambili eduze kwe-x-axis ngesibonisi; ipeni lokukhanya nesibonisi salo esingaphezulu (kokubili kuhlanganiswe ndawonye) kungahamba kuphela ngesiqondiso se-eksisi ka-y. Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhompyutha (ngokuvamile ngembobo ehambisanayo ukuze ikhiphe isignali yokulawula), ukunyakaza kwepeni lokukhanya ku-Y isiqondiso kanye nokunyakaza kwengalo yepeni ekuqondeni kwe-X kungenza i-laser ephumayo ifinyelele noma yiliphi iphuzu endizeni, ngaleyo ndlela imaka noma yiziphi ihluzo nezinhlamvu.
Ukuskena kweGalvanometer
Uhlelo lokumaka lwe-galvanometer ngokuyinhloko lwakhiwe nge-laser, isibuko sokuphambuka se-XY, ilensi egxilile nekhompyutha. Isimiso sokusebenza siwukuthi i-laser beam isigameko ezibukweni ezingu-2 (izibuko ezidlidlizayo), futhi i-reflection angle yezibuko ilawulwa yikhompyutha. Izibuko ezi-2 zingakwazi ukuskena ngezimbazo ze-X kanye ne-Y ngokulandelanayo, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuchezuka kwe-laser beam, ukuze ukugxila kwe-laser okunokuminyana okuthile kwamandla kuqhubekele endaweni yokumaka ngokwezidingo ezidingekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kushiye amamaki ahlala njalo endaweni ebonakalayo nendawo yokugxila Kungaba umbuthano noma unxande.
Kuhlelo lokumaka lwe-galvanometer, ihluzo ze-vector nezinhlamvu zingasetshenziswa. Le ndlela isebenzisa isofthiwe yezithombe kukhompyutha ukucubungula ihluzo. Inezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukunemba okuhle futhi akukho ukuhlanekezela, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi nesivinini sokumaka kwe-laser. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yokumaka yohlobo lwe-galvanometer ingabuye yamukelwe, efaneleka kakhulu umaka ku-inthanethi. Ngokusho komugqa wokukhiqiza onejubane elihlukile, i-galvanometer yokuskena eyodwa noma i-galvanometer yokuskena engu-2 ingasetshenziswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokumaka kwamalungu afanayo okukhulunywe ngenhla, kungamaka ulwazi oluningi lwe-lattice.
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lokumaka lwe-galvanometer lusebenzisa i-fiber laser ene-ptical optical pump yokusebenza wavelength engu-1.06 μ m, futhi amandla okukhiphayo angu-10 ~ 1.20W. Ukukhishwa kwe-laser kungaba okuqhubekayo noma ukuguqulwa kwe-Q. I-RF ethuthukisiwe ijabule CO2 i-laser iphinde isetshenziswe emshinini wokumaka we-galvanometer wokuskena we-laser.
Ukumaka ukuskena kwe-Galvanometer sekube umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ngenxa yobubanzi bohlelo lokusebenza, ukumaka i-vector kanye nokumaka kwe-matrix yamachashazi, ububanzi bokumaka obulungisekayo, isivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo, isivinini sokumaka (amakhulu ezinhlamvu angamakwa ngomzuzwana), izinga eliphezulu lokumaka, ukusebenza kahle kokuvalwa kwendlela yokubona kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuqinile endaweni. Sekungumkhiqizo ojwayelekile futhi kubhekwa njengokumela isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa komshini wokumaka we-laser esikhathini esizayo Unethuba elibanzi lokufaka isicelo.
I-laser esetshenziselwa ukumaka ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-fiber laser kanye CO2 laser. I-laser ekhiqizwe i-fiber laser ingamuncwa kahle insimbi namapulasitiki amaningi, futhi ubude bayo begagasi (1.06 μ m) nendawo encane yokugxila ifanele ukumaka kokucaca okuphezulu ezinsimbi nezinye izinto. Ubude begagasi be CO2 I-laser ingu-10.6 μ M. imikhiqizo yezinkuni, ingilazi, i-polymer kanye nezinto eziningi ezisobala zinomphumela omuhle wokumuncwa, ngakho-ke ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukumaka endaweni engeyona eyensimbi.
Ububi be-fiber laser kanye CO2 i-laser iwukuthi umonakalo oshisayo kanye nokusabalalisa okushisayo kwezinto kubucayi, futhi umphumela we-hot edge ngokuvamile wenza ilebula ingacacile. Ngokuphambene, ukukhanya kwe-UV okukhiqizwe i-excimer laser akushisi impahla, kuhwamuka kuphela ingaphezulu lezinto, okukhiqiza umphumela we-photochemical esakhiweni esingaphezulu futhi kushiye uphawu ebusweni bento. Ngakho-ke, uma umaka nge-excimer laser, umkhawulo wophawu ucace kakhulu. Ngenxa yokumuncwa okuqinile kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, umthelela we-laser ezintweni ezibonakalayo uvela kuphela phezu kongqimba lwempahla, futhi cishe akukho mkhuba ovuthayo obonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, i-laser ye-excimer ifaneleka kakhulu ukumaka izinto ezibonakalayo.
