Uyini umshini wokumaka we-Laser?
Ukumaketha kwe-laser kuyindlela yokulebula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto kusetshenziswa i-laser. Umgomo wokumaka nge-laser ukuthi i-laser beam ngandlela thize iguqula ukubukeka kwendawo eshayayo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene:
1. Ukukhishwa kwempahla (i-laser engraving); ngezinye izikhathi kususwa ungqimba olungaphezulu olunemibala.
2. Ukuncibilikisa insimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ukuguqula isakhiwo esingaphezulu.
3. Ukushiswa kancane (i-carbonization) isb iphepha, amakhadibhodi, ukhuni, noma amapholymer.
4. Ukuguqulwa (isb. ukufiphala) kombala (izithasiselo ze-laser zezimboni) kumpahla yepulasitiki.
5. Ukunwetshwa kwe-polymer, uma isb. isithasiselo esithile siyahwamuka.
6. Isizukulwane sezakhiwo ezingaphezulu njengamabhamuza amancane.
Ngokuskena i-laser beam (isb. ngezibuko ezi-2 ezihambayo), ungabhala ngokushesha izinhlamvu, izimpawu, amabha amakhodi, nezinye ihluzo, usebenzisa i-vector scan noma i-raster scan. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa imaski etholakala kucezu lokusebenza (ukumaka iphrojekthi, ukumaka imaski). Le ndlela ilula futhi iyashesha (isebenza ngisho nezingcezu zokusebenza ezihambayo) kodwa aziguquguquki kakhulu kunokuskena.
"Ukumaka nge-laser" kufanekisela ukumaka noma ukulebula izingcezu zokusebenza nezinto ezisetshenziswa ngomsebe we-laser. Mayelana nalokhu, izinqubo ezahlukene zihlukaniswa, njengokuqopha, ukususa, ukufaka amabala, ukuthungatha nokukhipha amagwebu. Ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemfuneko yekhwalithi, ngayinye yalezi zinqubo inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
Usebenza Kanjani Umshini Wokumaka Nge-Laser?
Izisekelo zobuchwepheshe be-Laser
Wonke ama-laser aqukethe izingxenye ezi-3:
1. Umthombo wepompo wangaphandle.
2. I-laser medium esebenzayo.
3. I-resonator.
Umthombo wephampu uqondisa amandla angaphandle ku-laser.
I-laser medium esebenzayo itholakala ngaphakathi kwelaser. Ngokuya ngomklamo, i-laser medium ingaba nengxube yegesi (CO2 laser), yomzimba wekristalu (i-YAG laser) noma imicu yengilazi (fiber laser). Lapho amandla enikezwa kumshini we-laser ngepompo, akhipha amandla ngendlela yemisebe.
I-laser medium esebenzayo itholakala phakathi kwezibuko ezi-2, i-"resonator". Esinye salezi zibuko yisibuko sendlela eyodwa. Imisebe ye-laser medium esebenzayo ikhuliswa ku-resonator. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebe ethile kuphela ingashiya i-resonator ngokusebenzisa isibuko sendlela eyodwa. Le misebe ehlanganisiwe imisebe ye-laser.
Izinzuzo zomshini wokumaka we-Laser
Ukumaka Okunembayo Okuphezulu Ngekhwalithi Eqhubekayo
Ngenxa yokunemba okuphezulu kokumaka nge-laser, ngisho nezithombe ezithambile, amafonti anephuzu elingu-1 namajiyometri amancane kakhulu azobonakala efundeka kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumaka nge-laser kuqinisekisa njalo imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Isivinini Sokumaka Esiphezulu
Ukumaka nge-Laser kuyizinqubo zokumaka ezisheshayo ezitholakala emakethe. Lokhu kubangela ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo nosayizi, imithombo ye-laser ehlukene (isb. ama-laser fibre) noma imishini ye-laser (isb. ama-laser e-galvo) ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwenyusa isivinini.
Ukumaka Okuqinile
I-laser etching ingunaphakade futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo imelana nemihuzuko, ukushisa nama-acids. Ngokuya ngezilungiselelo zepharamitha ye-laser, izinto ezithile zingamakwa ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo.
Izicelo Zomshini Wokumaka Nge-Laser
Umshini wokumaka we-Laser unezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezicelo:
1. Ukwengeza izinombolo zezingxenye, izinsuku “zokusetshenziswa” nokunye okunjalo emaphaketheni okudla, amabhodlela, njll.
2. Ukwengeza ulwazi olulandelekayo lokulawula ikhwalithi.
3. Ukumaka amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB), izingxenye zikagesi, namakhebuli.
4. Amalogo okuphrinta, amabhakhodi nolunye ulwazi ngemikhiqizo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokumaka obufana nokuphrinta ijethi ye-ink kanye nokumaka ngomshini, ukumaka nge-laser kunezinzuzo eziningi, njengesivinini esikhulu sokucubungula, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza (akukho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo), izinga eliphezulu eliqhubekayo nokuqina kwemiphumela, ukugwema ukungcoliswa, ikhono lokubhala izici ezincane kakhulu, kanye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kakhulu kokuzenzakalelayo.
Izinto zepulasitiki, ukhuni, amakhadibhodi, iphepha, isikhumba kanye ne-acrylic kuvame ukuphawulwa ngamandla aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa CO2 ama-laser. Ezindaweni zensimbi, lawa ma-lasers awafaneleki kangako ngenxa yokumuncwa okuncane kumaza awo amade amade (cishe u-10 μm); amaza amaza e-laser isb endaweni engu-1-μm, njengoba engatholwa isb ngamalaser ampontshwa isibani Nd:YAG (ngokuvamile ashintshwa u-Q) noma ngamalaser efiber, afaneleka kakhulu. Amandla e-laser ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukumaka angawe-oda lika-10 kuye ku-100 W. Amaza wamaza amafishane afana no-532 nm, njengalokho atholwe ngokuphindaphindwa kabili kwama-lasers e-YAG, angaba nenzuzo, kodwa imithombo enjalo ayihlali iqhudelana ngokomnotho. Ukuze kuphawulwe izinsimbi njengegolide, okumunca okuphansi kakhulu endaweni ye-spectral engu-1-μm, ubude begagasi be-laser obufushane bubalulekile.
Metals
Insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, igolide, isiliva, i-titanium, ithusi, iplatinum noma ithusi
I-laser ibisebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuqoshwa nge-laser nezinsimbi zokumaka nge-laser. Akuzona kuphela izinsimbi ezithambile, njenge-aluminium kodwa insimbi noma ama-alloys aqinile kakhulu angamakwa ngokunembile, ngokufundeka nangokushesha kusetshenziswa i-laser. Ngezinsimbi ezithile, njengama-alloys ensimbi, kungenzeka futhi kufakwe izimpawu ezimelana nokugqwala ngaphandle kokulimaza isakhiwo esingaphezulu usebenzisa ukumaka okuhlanganisa i-annealing. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngensimbi imakwe ngama-lasers ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni.
Plastics
I-Polycarbonate(PC), i-Polyamide(PA), i-Polyethylene (PE), i-Polypropylene (PP), i-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), i-Polyimide (PI), i-Polystyrene (PS), i-Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA), i-Polyester (PES)
Ipulasitiki ingamakwa noma iqoshwe ngamalaser ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Nge-fiber laser, ungamaka amapulasitiki amaningi ahlukene asetshenziswa ezentengiselwano, njenge-polycarbonate, i-ABS, i-polyamide, nokunye okuningi ngokuqedwa okungapheli, okusheshayo, kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngenxa yezikhathi eziphansi zokusetha nokuvumelana nezimo okunikezwayo nge-laser yokumaka, ungakwazi ukumaka ngisho nosayizi abancane benqwaba ngokongayo.
Izinto eziphilayo
Izinto ze-Organic zidinga izixazululo ezikhethekile ukuze zinikeze izimpawu ezihlala njalo ezinama-contours acacile. Ochwepheshe bethu bakha ama-Laser Marking Systems abhekana kahle nale mfuneko. Amasistimu amandla awo angalawuleka ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo oyifunayo.
Ingilazi kanye Ceramics
Izinto ezifana nengilazi nezitsha zobumba zibeka izimfuno ezinzima kumakhasimende ethu nasezimbonini asebenza kuzo. Ngale njongo, STYLECNC ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezigqama kakhulu, ezingena-crack engilazini.
Izinqubo Ezihlukene Zomshini Wokumaka we-Laser
I-Annealing Marking
I-Annealing marking wuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-laser etching yezinsimbi. Umthelela wokushisa we-laser beam udala inqubo ye-oxidation ngaphansi kwendawo ebonakalayo, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala endaweni yensimbi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwe-laser, indawo yokusebenza iyancibilika futhi ihwamuke nge-laser. Ngenxa yalokho, i-laser beam isusa izinto ezibonakalayo. Umdwebo owenziwe ngaleyo ndlela ebusweni uwukuqoshwa.
Ukususa
Ngesikhathi sokususa, i-laser beam isusa amajazi aphezulu afakwe ku-substrate. Ukungafani kukhiqizwa ngenxa yemibala ehlukene yejazi eliphezulu ne-substrate. Izinto ezijwayelekile eziyilaser ezimakwa ngendlela yokususwa kwezinto zifaka i-aluminiyamu e-anodized, izinsimbi eziboshiwe, ama-foil namafilimu, noma ama-laminates.
Ukukhihliza amagwebu
Ngesikhathi sokugwetshwa, ugongolo lwe-laser luncibilikisa into. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-bubbles wegesi akhiqizwa ezintweni, ezibonisa ukukhanya ngokuhlukana. Ukumaka kuzovela kubelula kunezindawo ezingakabhalwanga. Lolu hlobo lokumaka nge-laser lusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumapulasitiki amnyama.
I-Carbonizing
I-Carbonizing inika amandla umehluko oqinile ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza ikhabhoni i-laser ishisa ingaphezulu lempahla (ubuncane obungu-100° C) bese kukhishwa umoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen noma inhlanganisela yawo womabili amagesi. Okusele indawo emnyama enekhabhoni ephezulu.
I-Carbonizing ingasetshenziselwa ama-polymers noma ama-bio-polymers afana nokhuni noma isikhumba. Njengoba i-carbonizing ihlale iholela kumamaki amnyama, umehluko ezintweni ezimnyama uzoba mncane kakhulu.
Ukuqoshwa kombala kuyinqubo yokumaka esebenzisa umthombo we-MOPA fibre laser ukumaka umbala endaweni yensimbi njengensimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, njll. I-MOPA isho ukumiswa okuhlanganisa i-laser eyinhloko (noma i-seed laser) kanye ne-optical amplifier ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okukhiphayo.
3D Ukumaka
The 3D uhlelo lokumaka lwe-laser ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokulawula i-lens ye-optical enwetshiwe ye-optical eksisi ekunyakazeni okuphindaphindayo ngesivinini esikhulu, ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kobude bokugxila be-laser beam, okwenza indawo okugxilwe kuyo ezindaweni ezihlukene phezu kwendawo yokusebenza igcine umfaniswano, ukuze ukwazi ukubona 3D ubuso, ukunemba okungaphezulu kokucutshungulwa kwe-laser.
