I-CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining iyindlela enembayo nephumelelayo yokukhiqiza osukwini lwanamuhla. Ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye kuye kwaguqulwa ngokuphelele yi-CNC machining, esetshenziselwa ukudala yonke into kusukela ekufakweni okuqondile kwezokwelapha kuya ezingxenyeni zezindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC abawumgogodla wale ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe badlala indima ethakazelisa kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Isazi semishini ye-CNC manje sesiyisici esibalulekile sokukhiqiza imboni.
Woza njengoba siqala ukuthola okuyisisekelo kwemishini ye-CNC, okuhlanganisa incazelo yayo, ukusetshenziswa embonini yesimanje, nezindlela zangaphakathi. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho sizoqala uhambo lokwembula umsebenzi kanye namasu ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC.
Incazelo ye-CNC Machining
Emgogodleni wayo, ukwenziwa kwemishini ye-CNC kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza ekhiphayo lapho imishini elawulwa ngekhompuyutha isusa ngokunembile into esetshenziswayo ukuze yakhe umumo oyifunayo. Ngokungafani nomshini ovamile owenziwe ngesandla, othembele kubasebenzisi bomuntu ukuze baqondise amathuluzi okusika, imishini ye-CNC yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo le nqubo ngokusebenzisa imiyalo ehleliwe. Le miyalo, ngokuvamile ebhalwe ngekhodi ye-G, ilawula ukunyakaza nezenzo zamathuluzi okusika omshini ngokunemba okukhethekile nokuphindaphinda.
Ukubaluleka kwe-CNC Machining
Imishini ye-CNC isibe yingxenye nengxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalela esiyisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke iyindlela eyodwa noma enye ivela ngohlelo lwemishini lwe-CNC. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimpahla ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi ephindaphindwayo.
Kusukela ezimotweni kuye emkhathini, izinto zikagesi kuya ezingxenyeni zezokwelapha, ezinezinsimbi eziningi nezinto zokwakha ze-CNC bezidlala indima ebalulekile.
Amakhono we-CNC tech adala inani lawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukulandela isofthiwe ye-CAD/CAM namasu ayinkimbinkimbi, ukwenza imishini ye-CNC kunganikeza ukukhiqizwa okunemininingwane nokungashintshi okubaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi imboni.
Iqhaza lama-machinists e-CNC
Ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC bayisisekelo sokukhiqiza ngokunemba. Basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo namakhono ukuguqula ngokunembile nangokunembile izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sihlole izici eziningi zezindima zomashini be-CNC, kusukela emisebenzini yabo evamile kuye emisebenzini yabo ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Okwenziwa Ngama-CNC Machinists
Ukuhlela, ukulungisa, nokusebenzisa imishini ye-CNC ukuze kwakheke izingxenye ezinembayo nezingxenye kuwumsebenzi walaba chwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, njenge:
✔ Programming
Abahleli bezinhlelo ze-CNC basebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile ukuthuthukisa nokuhlela izinhlelo ze-CNC ezicacisa izindlela zamathuluzi, imingcele yokusika, neminye imiyalelo edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ingxenye ethile.
✔ Isethaphu
Ngaphambi kokuqala umshini wokukhiqiza i-machinist kufanele ilungiselele Umshini we-CNC ngokufaka amathuluzi okusika afanelekile futhi uvikele into embhedeni.
✔ Operation
Uma umshini usumisiwe umenzi wemishini uqapha ukusebenza futhi usethe imingcele edingekayo ngokufanele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokunemba kwemikhiqizo yokugcina.
✔ Ikhwalithi yokulawula
Omashini be-CNC banesibopho sekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokugcina. Kufanele bahlole imikhiqizo besebenzisa izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezinembayo njengama-micrometer, ama-caliper, namageji.
✔ Maintenance
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza, banesibopho sokunakekela imishini ye-CNC. Imisebenzi yokulungisa ejwayelekile njengokuhlanza, ukugcoba, kanye nokufaka ezinye izingxenye ezilimele UKUZE UQINISEKISE ubude besikhathi eside bemishini nayo yenziwa ngochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC.
Ukubaluleka kwama-CNC Machinists kuNqubo Yokukhiqiza
Mhlawumbe umakhi wemishini we-CNC udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Umakhi wemishini we-CNC onekhono angaguqula ingxenye eyonakele ibe umkhiqizo omuhle. Ubuchwepheshe babo buqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zikhiqizwa ngokunemba okukhulu nokuvumelana.
Ukungabikho kukachwepheshe bemishini onekhono kuzoholela ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wakho namaphutha okukhiqiza okuholela enzuzweni encane ebhizinisini lakho. Ikhono labo lokuxazulula izinkinga zemishini, nokwandisa amapharamitha womshini akhuphule umkhiqizo.
Ngakho-ke kuthatha ukusho ukuthi ukubaluleka kwe-CNC machinist ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amakhono Neziqu Ezidingekayo Ukuze Ube I-CNC Machinist
Lo msebenzi awuwona olula kakhulu emakethe. Umakhi wemishini we-CNC udinga ukuba nekhono futhi abe nomyalo omuhle ezintweni ezimbalwa. Ukuba uchwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC kudinga inhlanganisela yamakhono obuchwepheshe, isipiliyoni esisebenzayo, nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.
Lapha sifake amanye amakhono abalulekile neziqu ezidingekayo ukuze ube usomishini we-CNC.
Ubungoti Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ubungcweti bobuchwepheshe bufanelekela umakhi. Ngakho-ke, umakhi wemishini we-CNC kufanele abe nokuqonda kwezimiso zemishini nezinqubo zokuwenza.
Amakhono Okuhlela
Amakhono wokuhlela angenye yezimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-CNC machinist. Ulwazi lwezilimi zokuhlela ze-CNC njenge-G-Code luyadingeka ukuze udale futhi uhlele izinhlelo ze-CNC.
Ukufunda I-Blueprint
Amandla okufunda imidwebo yobuchwepheshe namapulani kuyisidingo sokuqala kochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC ukuze baqonde usayizi nokucaciswa kwezinto abazibumbayo.
Qaphela Imininingwane
Umakhi wemishini we-CNC kufanele anake ukunemba kanye nezilinganiso zokukhiqiza. Ukubala kabi kalula kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane emincane kufanele ihlolwe kahle ngumashini.
Amakhono Okuxazulula Izinkinga
Ukuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga kuyizimo ezivamile lapho uchwepheshe wemishini ye-CNC engaxazulula izinkinga ngamakhono nobungcweti.
Ukuqeqeshwa kanye Nokuqinisekiswa
Abaningi bemishini ye-CNC benza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisemthethweni kanye nezifundo zobuchwepheshe. Isikole sokufundela umsebenzi noma ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kuvamile phakathi kwabo. Ukuze bathole amakhono adingekayo nolwazi, abaningi basebenzela ukuthola izitifiketi ezengeziwe zemboni.
Programming
Uhlelo lwe-CNC lusenhliziyweni yenqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC. Ama-machinists angacacisa ukunyakaza okuqondile, izindlela zamathuluzi, imingcele yokusika, neminye imiyalelo edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe into ethile ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yochwepheshe ukuze bakhe futhi baguqule izinhlelo ze-CNC.
I-G-code (Ikhodi yeJiyomethri/Ikhodi ye-Gestalt) iwulimi lokuhlela olukhethekile lwemishini ye-CNC. Uchungechunge lwamakhodi ezinhlamvu nezinombolo lumele imiyalo namapharamitha. Ikhodi ngayinye inomyalezo womyalo ohlukile womshini.
Umakhi we-CNC angabhala imiyalo yokuhlela ngolwazi lwekhodi ye-G. Ezinye izibonelo zemisebenzi yokuhlela eyenziwa yi-CNC Machinists ibalulwe ngezansi.
⇲ Ukwakhiwa kwendlela yamathuluzi kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-CAD/CAM
⇲ Ukudala i-workpiece geometry usebenzisa ulimi lomshini
⇲ Ukusetha amapharamitha wokusika kuye ngohlobo lwempahla nokuma
⇲ Ukusebenzisa izinguquko zamathuluzi
⇲ Ukusebenzisa amasu okwenza imishini
Isethaphu
Ukusethwa okufanele komshini kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi, ukunemba, nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuwenza. Umshini we-CNCN oqondaniswe ngokuphelele, olinganisiwe, futhi omisiwe oqinisekisa izinga lokukhiqiza elilungile.
Lokhu kusetha kwenziwa ngumashini we-CNC. Ngakho-ke, umakhi wemishini udinga ulwazi olufanele lokusetha. Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokusetha okuphelele okumele kwenziwe umakhinikhi, njengokukhetha amathuluzi okusika, ukukhweza amathuluzi okusika, ukulungisa ucezu lokusebenza, ukuqondanisa kocezu lokusebenza, ukusetha ucezu lokusebenza uziro, ukulinganisa imingcele yomshini, nokuqinisekisa ukusethwa.
Amathuluzi amaningi nemishini kunamathiselwe kanye nomshini wokukhiqiza izingxenye ezenziwe ngezifiso. Izisetshenziswa ezifana namathuluzi okusika, izibambi zamathuluzi, izinto zokubamba umsebenzi, amathuluzi okulinganisa, amabhulokhi okusetha namashimu, nezisetha zangaphambili zamathuluzi zidinga ubuchwepheshe bomashini we-CNC ukuze kusetshenziswe.
Operation
Kulo mkhakha, sizohlola futhi sithole ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokunemba komshini we-CNC kanye nekhono lochwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC. Mhlawumbe, lena ingxenye esebenza kakhulu yemishini ye-CNC.
Uma ukusetha sekuqediwe futhi uhlelo selulayishiwe inqubo yokwenza imishini iqala ngomyalo wesoftware we-CAD/CAM. Umkhiqizo wokugcina utholakala ngochungechunge lwemiyalo. Imisebenzi elandelanayo, njengokusika, ukuhambisa umzila, ukugaya, ukuphenduka, ukubhoboza, noma ukugaya kuyizidingo zezingxenye ezikhiqizwayo.
Izibopho Zama-CNC Machinists Ngesikhathi Sokusebenza Komshini
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini, ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC banikezwe umsebenzi ohlukahlukene wokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kahle kwemisebenzi yemishini kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Eminye yezibopho zabo ezibalulekile ihlanganisa:
⇲ Ukuqapha Ukusebenza Komshini.
⇲ Ukugcina Amazinga Ekhwalithi.
⇲ Ukuthuthukisa Amapharamitha Wokusika.
⇲ Ukusebenzisa Izinguquko Zethuluzi.
⇲ Ukuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukuqapha kanye nokulungisa amapharamitha womshini ukuze usebenze kahle kungomunye umsebenzi obalulekile we-CNC machinist. Ukunaka okujulile emininingwaneni kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kwezimiso zemishini kuyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe lowo mgomo.
Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuhlaziya idatha, ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo, isinxephezelo sokugqokwa kwamathuluzi, ukupholisa, nokuphathwa kokugcotshwa yizibopho zikamashini we-CNC ukuze asebenze ngokucophelela nangobuchwepheshe.
Ikhwalithi yokulawula
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyisisekelo semishini ye-CNC, iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye ekhiqizwayo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokunemba, ukungaguquguquki, nokuthembeka okufunwa yizimboni. Emashini e-CNC, lapho ukubekezelelana kungalinganiswa ngama-microns futhi ukuchezuka kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa izindlela namathuluzi amaningana ukuhlola izinga lemikhiqizo yokugcina. Amanye amathuluzi nezindlela ezijwayelekile yilezi:
⇲ Hlanganisa Imishini Yokukala (CMMs).
⇲ Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqeda Okungaphezulu.
⇲ Ukuhlola Okubonwayo.
⇲ Ukuhlola Okungonakalisi (NDT).
⇲ Ukuhlola Ubukhulu.
Iqhaza lama-CNC Machinists Ekuqinisekiseni Ikhwalithi Nokunemba
Izinga nokunemba ngokuvamile kuvela embonweni womyalo onikezwa opharetha. Umakhi wemishini we-CNC lapha udlala indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imininingwane, amamodeli e-CAD, namapulani anikezwa ngokunembile.
Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokulawula izinga kungomunye umsebenzi owenziwa umakhi. Umakhi wemishini we-CNC uhlola izingxenye ngamathuluzi okulinganisa anembile ukuze athole noma yimaphi amaphutha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ulungisa amapharamitha womshini njengejubane lokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, indlela yamathuluzi, njll. ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza.
Uma kunesiphazamisi noma inkinga uchwepheshe wemishini ye-CNC uyayibona futhi ayixazulule ekhuluma kahle. Uhlale ebheke ukwenza ngcono ekukhiqizeni.
Maintenance
Ukugcina umshini we-CNC kuyindlela enhle yokumboza izindleko zakho. Kubalulekile ukunakekela kahle umshini isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa okuhle kuzokwandisa inzuzo futhi kunikeze isikhathi eside sesevisi.
Ake sihlole ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokunakekelwa komshini we-CNC kanye nokubaluleka kukamashini we-CNC okufanele awunakekele.
Ukuvimbela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuwohloka, kanye nokulungiswa okumba eqolo kuyadingeka. Ukuhlola ukulungiswa okuvamile umakhi wemishini angakwazi ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi zikhule.
Imisebenzi eminingana ihlanganisa umsebenzi wokulungisa ovamile we-CNC machinist. Ezivamile yilezi:
⇲ Ukuhlanza.
⇲ Ukugcoba.
⇲ Ukuhlola izinga loketshezi.
⇲ Ukuhlola izingxenye zomshini.
⇲ Amapharamitha womshini wokulinganisa.
⇲ Ukwenza ukunakekelwa kokuvikela.
amazwi okugcina
Njengoba sifika ekupheleni kophenyo lwethu ngemishini ye-CNC kanye nokubaluleka okubalulekile kanye nendima yochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC, ake sithathe isikhashana sicabangele futhi siqaphele amakhono abo obuchwepheshe, futhi sicabangele iminikelo yabo ebalulekile.
Ubuchule babo bokuhlelwa kwe-CNC, ukusetha, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuwubufakazi bokuzinikela kwabo ekwenzeni okuhle nokuphishekela kwabo ukuphelela.
Ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC bazobe behola indlela ekuhlanganiseni izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphile, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokusika ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nokusebenzisa amasu okukhiqiza amasha eminyakeni ezayo. Amandla abo okuvumelana nezimo, ukusungula izinto, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga kuzobaluleka ekuxoxisaneni ngobunkimbinkimbi benkathi yedijithali nokubamba amathuba amasha okuthuthuka nokwanda.
