Imishini ye-CNC ziyimishini yokugaya elawulwa izinombolo zekhompyutha, eza nezimbazo ezi-3, 4 noma ezi-5 ukwenza umsebenzi wokugaya kanyekanye.
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC ungumakhi wensimbi onembayo ephezulu enesivinini esikhulu, i-servo motor enamandla amakhulu kanye nesakhiwo sombhede womshini osindayo, osebenza ngokufana CNC machining isikhungo futhi ingenza imishini ephakathi nendawo yokugaya, ukubhola, ukubhora, ukulungisa kabusha kanye nokuthinta.
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC usebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukulawula ukusebenza kohlelo, ukushayela umshini ukusebenza, kanye nokufeza umsebenzi wokugcina wokugaya. Ngakho-ke, uma abaqalayo befuna ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa kalula isigayo se-CNC, badinga ulwazi oluthile oluyisisekelo lwamakhompiyutha kanye ne-CNC.
Ama-Newbies alwa nezinyathelo ezifanele zokusebenza, futhi ochwepheshe bemishini be-CNC bayazulazula emgwaqeni wokuthuthuka. Ungayithola kanjani imiyalo engcono kakhulu yokusebenza?
Nazi izinyathelo ezingu-9 okulula ukuzilandela ukuze usebenzise umshini wokugaya we-CNC kalula, noma ngabe ungumuntu osaqalayo noma uchwepheshe.
Izinyathelo Zokusebenza Zomshini Wokugaya we-CNC
Isinyathelo 1. Buyela emuva endaweni eyinkomba
Isinyathelo sesi-2. Hambisa ithebula lomshini phakathi nomshini (cindezela ukhiye ongemuhle, kungenjalo uzodlula), bese ubeka umsebenzi phezu kwetafula.
Isinyathelo sesi-3. Sebenzisa inkomba yokudayela ukuze uqondanise, bese ucindezela isiqeshana somsebenzi (uma isiqeshana somsebenzi sivuma, singagaywa ngemva kokubopha, bese inkomba yokudayela ayisasetshenziselwa ukuqondanisa); uma usebenzisa udlawu lwekhala eliyisicaba, kufanele uqale ulungise imihlathi.
Isinyathelo 4. Ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi: i-spindle ifakwe ithuluzi lokumisa ithuluzi, i-spindle izungeza iye phambili (ithuluzi lokusetha ithuluzi le-photoelectric alijikelezi), ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi lokuqondiswa kwe-1 X, zungeza (cindezela) isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusebenza esondweni lesandla, 1 hambisa ithuluzi ekupheleni kwesokudla kwe-workpiece, bese— sondela kancane kancane ku-workpiece ohlangothini lwe-X kuze kube yilapho iqondana khona ne-Z, ingakwazi ukuhambisa isiqondiso ku-Z isiqondiso sika-X, bese uhambisa ithuluzi ekugcineni kwesobunxele se-workpiece, bese usondela kancane kancane ku-workpiece endaweni engu-+ X kuze kube nembile, phakamisa ithuluzi ulibhekise ngaku-Z (Ayikwazi ukuya ku-X iqonde), khumbula inani elihlobene lokuxhumanisa endaweni engu-X ngalesi sikhathi, lihlukanise ngo-2 ukuze uthole inani, bese uhambisa leli nani ngo-+ X isiqondiso, urekhode umshini ukuxhumanisa ngalesi sikhathi ngokunembile, bese ugcwalisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokunembile.
Isinyathelo sesi-5. Ngale ndlela, setha ithuluzi ohlangothini luka-Y ukusuka + ku-Y ukuya ku-Y.
Isinyathelo 6. Ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi le-Z-direction: sebenzisa i-feeler gauge, induku yokulinganisa, ithuluzi lokusetha i-Z-direction, njll. ukuze usethe ithuluzi, ngemva kokunemba, engeza inani elingalungile enanini lamanje lokudidiyela umshini (igeji yokuzwa, induku yokulinganisa, idivayisi yokusetha isiqondiso sika-Z, njll.) Ugqinsi lugcwaliswa ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza.
Isinyathelo 7. Uma usebenzisa uhlelo oluhlelwe ngesandla, kufanele futhi ugcwalise inani lesinxephezelo serediyasi yethuluzi esinxephezelweni samathuluzi.
Isinyathelo 8. Qalisa ukuhlela okwenziwa ngesandla: shayela uhlelo, cindezela okuzenzakalelayo, cindezela ingxenye eyodwa, bese ucindezela umjikelezo ukuze uqale.
Isinyathelo 9. Qalisa ukuhlela okuzenzakalelayo: cindezela i-DNC (Direct Numerical Control), cindezela ingxenye eyodwa, cindezela umjikelezo ukuze uqalise, kanye nesofthiwe yokuxhumana ku-PC cindezela ukuthumela.
Imithetho Yokusebenza Komshini Wokugaya we-CNC
⇲ Umsebenzisi kufanele ajwayele ukwakheka, ukwakheka kanye nendawo esetshenziswayo yomshini wokugaya we-CNC osetshenziswayo, futhi asebenze ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemanuwali yokusebenza yethuluzi lomshini, futhi azame ukugwema ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele.
⇲ Lapho usebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini, gqoka ngendlela efanele njengoba kudingeka.
⇲ Susa izithiyo namathuluzi okulinganisa ebhentshini lokusebenza, isitimela somhlahlandlela, indawo eshelelayo, njll. ngaphambi kokuqala, bese ususa ithuluzi lokuhlanganisa kusenesikhathi. Hlola ukuthi umakhenikha, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic nezinye izibambo zokusebenza, amavalvu, amaswishi, njll. zisesimweni esingasebenzi, futhi uhlole ukuthi umbambi wommese usesimweni sokungasebenzi yini. Hlola ukuthi amafutha asebhokisini angaphakathi kwesikali esishiwo, bese wengeza uwoyela ngokuya ngeshadi lokuthambisa noma imanyuwali.
⇲ Vula futhi uvale ngokulandelana, vula umshini we-CNC 1st bese uvula uhlelo lwe-CNC, uvale uhlelo lwe-CNC 1st bese uvala ithuluzi lomshini.
⇲ Ngemuva kokuvula umshini, buyela endaweni eyinkomba ukuze usungule uhlelo lokudidiyela umshini.
⇲ Lapho uhambisa ithebula mathupha ezinhlangothini ze-eksisi u-X no-Y, i-eksisi ka-Z kufanele ibe sendaweni ephephile engu-h8, futhi unake ukuze ubheke ukuthi ithuluzi lihamba ngokujwayelekile yini ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
⇲ Setha kahle ithuluzi, nquma isistimu yokuxhumanisa i-workpiece, bese uhlola idatha.
⇲ Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo selufakiwe, kufanele lubhekwe ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola ikhodi, umyalelo, ikheli, inani, uphawu, iphuzu ledesimali kanye nohlelo lolimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lulungile.
⇲ Ngemva kokuthi uhlelo selulungisiwe, ngaphambi kwenqubo yokusika esemthethweni, hlola futhi ukuthi uhlelo, ithuluzi, i-fixture, ucezu lokusebenza, amapharamitha, njll. zilungile yini.
⇲ Ngemva kokufakwa kwenani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi, inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi, inani lesinxephezelo, uphawu, nephoyinti ledesimali kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela.
⇲ Bamba futhi usebenzise izisiki ngokuhambisana nemithetho nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphambi kokwenza imishini ehlelekile, izinhlelo ezifakiwe kanye nemingcele kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kohlelo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushayisana phakathi kwethuluzi nesiqeshana sokusebenza ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokulimala kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nethuluzi.
⇲ Lapho ucindezela ucezu lomsebenzi, hlola ukuthi ingabe ijigi liyakuphazamisa yini ukunyakaza kwethuluzi.
⇲ Ngesikhathi sokusika isivivinyo, iswishi yokukhishwa kwe-feedrate kufanele iguqulwe ibe igiya eliphansi. Lapho ithuluzi liya endaweni yokusebenza 30-50mm, kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokubanjwa kokuphakelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingabe amanani asele okuxhumanisa we-eksisi Z kanye namanani wokuxhumanisa i-eksisi X kanye ne-Y ayahambisana yini nedatha yohlelo lokucubungula.
⇲ Ngemva kokulola ithuluzi nokushintsha ithuluzi, ubude bethuluzi kufanele buphinde bulinganiswe futhi inani lethuluzi lokususa nenombolo yethuluzi kufanele kushintshwe.
⇲ Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lubuyekeziwe, ingxenye ebuyekeziwe kufanele ibalwe ngokucophelela futhi ibhekwe ngokucophelela.
⇲ Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kokuphakelayo, kufanele uhlole ukuthi izindawo ezikhethwe amaswishi ahlukahlukene zilungile yini, unqume izinkomba ezinhle nezingezinhle, bese wenza umsebenzi.
⇲ Vumela umshini ukuthi ungasebenzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15 ngemva kokuwuvula ukuze umshini ukwazi ukufinyelela ukulingana okushisayo.
⇲ Ngemva kokuqedwa komshini, hambisa izimbazo u-X, Y, no-Z endaweni emaphakathi ye-stroke, bese usetha amaswishi esivinini sokuphotha kanye nezinga lokuphakela endaweni yegiya eliphansi ukuze uvimbele ithuluzi lomshini ekusebenzeni okuyiphutha ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle.
⇲ Uma izimo ezingavamile sezitholakele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, inkinobho ebomvu yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo kufanele icindezelwe ngokushesha ukuze kunqanyulwe konke ukunyakaza nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngemva kokuxazulula inkinga, umshini ungaphinda usebenze futhi uhlelo lungenziwa.
⇲ Lapho ulayisha futhi ukhipha ummese, bamba isibambo sethuluzi kuqala, bese ucindezela inkinobho yokushintsha ithuluzi; lapho ufaka ithuluzi, khulula isibambo ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isibambo sethuluzi sihlezi ngokugcwele futhi siqinisiwe. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-spindle ngesikhathi sokushintsha ithuluzi.
⇲ Uma i-alamu yethuluzi lomshini ivela, imbangela kufanele itholwe ngokusekelwe kwinombolo ye-alamu futhi iqedwe ngesikhathi.
⇲ Ngemvume kathisha, i-U (hard) disk ne-CD-ROM akuvunyelwe ukufakwa kukhompuyutha exhunywe ngethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, futhi akuvunyelwe ukushintsha noma ukususa izinhlelo kukhompyutha.
⇲ Ngemuva kokucubungula, hlanza indawo, hlanza amafayili ensimbi Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC, sula indawo yesitimela ihlanzekile, amafutha futhi uvimbele ukugqwala.
Izinto Zokucatshangelwa
Kafushane, ukuba nekhono ekusebenziseni umshini wokugaya we-CNC akuyona into engazuzwa ngobusuku obubodwa. Kudinga umsebenzi osebenzayo oqoqwe isikhathi eside ukuze uguquke usuka ekubeni yimfundamakhwela uye ekubeni uchwepheshe onolwazi. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ungajahi impumelelo esheshayo.
