Incazelo
I-Ultrafast laser iwuhlobo lwe-ultra-intense ultra-short pulsed laser enobubanzi bepulse obungaphansi noma ngaphakathi kweleveli ye-pico2nd (10-12s), echazwa ngokusekelwe ku-waveform okukhipha amandla. Le ncazelo ihlobene ne-"ultrafast phenomena". I-Ultrafast phenomenon ibhekisela entweni eyenzeka enqubweni engokomzimba, yamakhemikhali noma yezinto eziphilayo eshintsha ngokushesha ohlelweni lwendaba oluncane kakhulu. Kusistimu ye-athomu ne-molecular, isikali sesikhathi sokunyakaza kwama-athomu nama-molecule siku-oda lama-picoseconds ukuya kuma-femtoseconds. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuzungezisa kwamangqamuzana silandelana ngama-picoseconds, futhi isikhathi sokudlidliza silandelana ngama-femtoseconds. Lapho ububanzi be-laser pulse bufinyelela ezingeni le-pico2nd noma i-femtosecond, lungagwema kakhulu ithonya ekunyakazeni okushisayo kwama-molecule (ukunyakaza okushisayo kwama-molecule ingqikithi ye-microscopic yokushisa kwento), futhi okokusebenza kukhiqizwa esikalini sesikhathi sokudlidliza kwamangqamuzana. Ithonya, ukuze ngenkathi kufeza injongo yokucubungula, umphumela wokushisa uyancipha kakhulu.
izinhlobo
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlukanisa ama-laser, phakathi kwazo kukhona izindlela ezi-4 ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlukanisa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa ngento esebenzayo, ukuhlukaniswa ngamagagasi okukhipha amandla (imodi yokusebenza), ukuhlukaniswa ngamaza okukhipha (umbala), nokuhlukaniswa ngamandla.
Phakathi kwazo, ngokuya nge-waveform yokukhipha amandla, ama-lasers angahlukaniswa abe ama-lasers aqhubekayo, ama-laser ashayayo, nama-lasers aqhubekayo:
I-Laser Eqhubekayo
Kuyi-laser eqhubekayo ekhipha amagagasi wamandla azinzile phakathi namahora okusebenza. Ibonakala ngamandla amakhulu futhi ingacubungula izinto ezinomthamo omkhulu kanye nephuzu elincibilikayo eliphakeme, njengamapuleti ensimbi.
I-Pulsed Laser
Ikhipha amandla ngendlela yama-pulses. Ngokobubanzi be-pulse, ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngama-laser angu-milli2nd, ama-laser micro2nd, amadivaysi okuvala i-nano2nd, ama-pico2nd lasers, ama-laser we-femto2nd, nama-laser we-atto2nd; isibonelo, uma i-laser ye-pulse Ububanzi bokushaya kwe-laser okukhiphayo buphakathi kuka-1-1000ns, esikubiza ngokuthi ama-nano2nd lasers, njalonjalo. Sibiza ama-laser e-pico2nd, ama-laser e-femto2nd, ama-laser e-atto2nd, nama-laser asheshayo. Amandla we-laser pulsed aphansi kakhulu kunalawo e-laser eqhubekayo, kodwa ukunemba kokucubungula kuphakeme kunaleyo ye-laser eqhubekayo, futhi ngokuvamile, ububanzi be-pulse buyancipha, buphakamisa ukunemba kokucubungula.
I-Quasi-CW Laser
Ingakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphindaphindiwe i-laser enamandla amakhulu phakathi nenkathi ethile, futhi futhi iyi-laser ye-pulse ngokombono.
Ama-waveform okukhipha amandla ama-laser angu-3 angenhla nawo angachazwa ngepharamitha "umjikelezo wemisebenzi". Ngelaser, umjikelezo womsebenzi ungahunyushwa njengesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphuma kwamandla e-laser ngokuqhathaniswa nengqikithi yesikhathi esingaphakathi komjikelezo wokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Umjikelezo we-laser duty CW (=1) > quasi-CW laser duty cycle > pulsed laser duty cycle. Ngokuvamile, ukuncipha kwe-pulse ububanzi be-pulsed laser, ukwehla komjikelezo womsebenzi.
Emkhakheni wokucubungula izinto ezibonakalayo, ama-laser ama-pulsed ekuqaleni abengumkhiqizo wesikhashana wama-lasers aqhubekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla okukhipha ama-lasers aqhubekayo awakwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu ngenxa yethonya lezici ezifana nomthamo wokuthwala wezingxenye eziyinhloko kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe esigabeni sokuqala, futhi impahla ayikwazi ukushiswa kuze kube sezingeni lokuncibilika. Okungenhla kufeza inhloso yokucubungula. Uma izindlela ezithile zobuchwepheshe zisetshenziselwa ukugxilisa amandla okukhipha i-laser ku-pulse eyodwa, ukuze nakuba amandla aphelele e-laser engashintshi, amandla asheshayo ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo akhuphuka kakhulu, okwanelisa izidingo zokucubungula impahla. Kamuva, ubuchwepheshe be-laser obuqhubekayo bukhula kancane kancane, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi i-pulsed laser inenzuzo enkulu ekucubunguleni ukunemba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umphumela oshisayo we-laser pulsed on material mincane, futhi lapho ububanzi be-laser pulse buyancipha, umphumela wokushisa ube mncane, futhi bushelelezi umphetho wento ecutshungulwayo, ukunemba komshini okuhambisanayo kuphezulu.
Izingxenye
Izimfuno ezi-2 ezibalulekile zamalaser asheshayo: ukuzinza okuphezulu kwe-ultrashort pulse namandla aphezulu okushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, ama-ultrashort pulses angatholwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiya imodi, futhi amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo aphezulu angatholwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-CPA. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezihilelekile zihlanganisa ama-oscillator, ama-stretcher, ama-amplifiers, nama-compressor. Phakathi kwabo, ubuchwepheshe be-oscillator ne-amplifier bunzima kakhulu, futhi buwubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko benkampani yokukhiqiza i-laser esheshayo.
Oscillator
Ku-oscillator, ama-laser pulses ama-ultrafast atholakala kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhiya imodi.
Umthumeli
I-stretcher yelula ama-pulses embewu ye-femto2nd ngokuhlukana ngesikhathi ngamaza ahlukene.
Amplifier
I-amplifier etshiyoziweyo isetshenziswa ukunika amandla ngokugcwele lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okunwetshiwe.
Isicindezeli
I-compressor ihlanganisa i-spectra ekhulisiwe yezingxenye ezahlukene futhi izibuyisele kububanzi be-femto2nd, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe ama-laser pulses e-femto2nd ngamandla aphezulu kakhulu asheshayo.
Izicelo
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nano2nd kanye ne-milli2nd lasers, nakuba amandla ewonke ama-laser e-ultrafast ephansi, ngoba asebenza ngokuqondile esikalini sesikhathi sokudlidliza kwamangqamuzana, ibona "ukucubungula okubandayo" ngomqondo weqiniso, ngakho-ke ukunemba kokucubungula kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yezici ezihlukile, ama-laser anamandla aphezulu, ama-laser angewona ama-ultrafast pulsed kanye nama-laser asheshayo anomehluko omkhulu ezinkambini zohlelo lokusebenza ezansi nomfula:
Ama-laser anamandla aphezulu (kanye nama-laser aqhubekayo) asetshenziselwa ukusika, ukucwilisa, welding, ukumbozwa komhlaba, ukubhola, 3D ukuphrinta izinto zensimbi.
Ama-lasers angewona ama-ultrafast pulsed asetshenziselwa ukumaka izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, ukucubungula izinto ze-silicon, ukuqoshwa okunembayo kwezindawo zensimbi, ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo zensimbi, ukushisela okunembayo kwezinsimbi, i-micromachining yezinsimbi.
Ama-laser e-Ultrafast asetshenziselwa ukusika nokushisela izinto ezibonakalayo njengengilazi, i-PET nesafire nezinto eziqinile neziphukayo, ukunemba ukumaka, ukuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmic, i-microscopic passivation kanye nokushumeka kwezinto.
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, ama-laser e-CW anamandla amakhulu nama-laser asheshayo cishe awanabo ubudlelwano bokubuyiselana obufanayo. Zifana nezimbazo nama-tweezers, futhi osayizi bazo banezinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi. Izinhlelo ezisebenza ezansi nomfula zamalaser angewona ama-ultrafast pulsed lasers zinokugqagqana ngamalaser aqhubekayo namalaser asheshayo. Kusuka emiphumeleni yangempela, ngaphansi kwesicelo esifanayo, amandla ayo awafani nalawo ama-lasers aqhubekayo, futhi ukunemba kwawo akukuhle njengalawo ama-lasers asheshayo. Okugqama kakhulu ukusebenza kwezindleko.
Ikakhulukazi i-nano2nd ultraviolet laser, nakuba ububanzi be-pulse yayo ingafinyeleli ezingeni le-pico2nd, kodwa ukunemba kokucubungula kuthuthukiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-laser we-nano2nd anombala, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-3C. Ngokuzayo, njengoba izindleko zamalaser asheshayo zincipha, zingase zingene emakethe ye-nano2nd ultraviolet.
Ama-laser asheshayo abona ukucubungula okubandayo ngomqondo wangempela futhi anezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekucubunguleni okunembayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bama-laser asheshayo bukhula kancane kancane, izindleko ziyancipha kancane kancane. Ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi kubhayoloji yezokwelapha, i-aerospace, i-electronics yabathengi, isibonisi sokukhanyisa, indawo yamandla, imishini enembile kanye nezinye izimboni ezingezansi.
ICosmetology Yezokwelapha
Amalaser e-Ultrafast angasetshenziswa kumishini yokuhlinza amehlo yezokwelapha kanye namadivayisi wezimonyo. I-laser ye-Femto2nd isetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni i-myopia futhi yaziwa njengokuthi "enye inguquko ekuhlinzeni i-refractive" ngemva kobuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha kwegagasi ngaphambili. I-axis yamehlo yeziguli ezine-myopic inkulu kune-eksisi yeso evamile, ukuze esimweni sokuphumula kwebhola leso, ukugxila kwemisebe yokukhanya ehambisanayo ngemva kokuphikiswa yisistimu ye-refractive yeso iwe phambi kwe-retina. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-laser ye-Femto2nd kungasusa imisipha eyeqile ku-axial dimension futhi kubuyisele ibanga le-axial kokujwayelekile. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-laser ye-Femto2nd kunezinzuzo zokunemba okuphezulu, ukuphepha okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu, isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, nokunethezeka okuphezulu, futhi sekungenye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlinza i-myopia.
Mayelana nobuhle, ama-laser asheshayo angasetshenziswa ukususa i-pigment nama-moles omdabu, ukususa ama-tattoos, nokuthuthukisa ukuguga kwesikhumba.
Consumer Electronics
Ama-laser asheshayo afanele ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo eziqinile neziphukayo, ukucutshungulwa kwefilimu emincane, ukumaka ukunemba, njll. enqubweni yokukhiqiza yezinto zikagesi zabathengi. Ifoni ephathekayo ingilazi epholile kanye nesafire yizinto ezimele eziqinile, ezinqamukayo futhi ezisobala ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kwe-electronics zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi isafire, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu nokuqina okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza lezindlela zendabuko zemishini ziphansi kakhulu; isafire manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumawashi ahlakaniphile, amakhava ekhamera yocingo oluphathwayo, izembozo zemojula yeminwe, njll.; I-nano2nd ultraviolet laser kanye ne-ultrafast laser kuyindlela yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko yokusika isafire njengamanje, futhi umphumela wokucubungula we-ultrafast laser ungcono kunalowo we-ultraviolet nano2nd laser. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokucubungula ezisetshenziswa amamojula ekhamera kanye namamojula wezigxivizo zeminwe ikakhulukazi ama-laser we-nano2nd ne-pico2nd. Ukuze kusikwe izikrini zomakhalekhukhwini eziguquguqukayo (izikrini ezigoqekayo) kanye nezihambisanayo 3D ukumba ingilazi ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile cishe buzoba ama-lasers asheshayo.
Ama-laser e-Ultrafast nawo anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amaphaneli. Ama-laser asheshayo angasetshenziselwa ukusika ama-polarizer e-OLED, ukuxebula nokulungisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza i-LCD/OLED.
Kuma-OLED, izinto zayo ze-polymer zizwela kakhulu kumathonya okushisa. Ukwengeza, ubukhulu kanye nesikhala samaseli enziwe okwamanje kuncane kakhulu, futhi usayizi osele wokucubungula nawo mncane kakhulu. Inqubo yendabuko yokusika izidumbu njengangaphambili ayisafaneleki namuhla. Izidingo zokukhiqiza zemboni, futhi manje kunezidingo zokufaka izicelo zezikrini ezinomumo okhethekile nezikrini ezinezimbobo, ezingaphezu kwamandla obuciko bendabuko. Ngale ndlela, izinzuzo zamalaser asheshayo ziyabonakala, ikakhulukazi ama-laser e-pico2nd ultraviolet noma ama-femto2nd, anendawo encane ethinteke ukushisa futhi afaneleka kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokucubungula ijika.
I-Micro Welding
Kwemidiya eqinile esobala njengengilazi, izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokumunca okungekona umugqa, ukulimala kokuncibilika, ukwakheka kwe-plasma, ukukhishwa kwe-ablation, kanye nokusabalalisa kwefayibha kuzokwenzeka lapho i-ultrashort pulse laser isakazeka phakathi nendawo. Isibalo sibonisa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwe-ultrashort pulse laser nezinto eziqinile ngaphansi kokuminyana kwamandla ahlukene nezikali zesikhathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-laser micro-welding ye-ultra-short ayidingi ukufaka ungqimba olumaphakathi, busebenza kahle kakhulu, bunemba kakhulu, alinawo umthelela oshisayo we-macroscopic, futhi bunezici ezikahle kakhulu zemishini nezamehlo ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-welding encane, ifaneleka kakhulu ukushisela okuncane kwezinto ezibonakalayo njengengilazi. Isibonelo, abacwaningi bashisele ngempumelelo ama-end caps kuma-optical fibers ajwayelekile kanye ne-microstructured kusetshenziswa ama-70 fs, 250 kHz pulses.
Bonisa Ukukhanyisa
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-lasers asheshayo emkhakheni wokukhanyisa okubonisa ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekubhalweni nasekusikeni kwama-wafer e-LED. Lesi esinye isibonelo sama-laser asheshayo alungele ukucubungula izinto eziqinile neziphukayo. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser okushesha kakhulu kunokuqina okuphezulu kwesigaba esiphambanayo kanye nokuncipha kakhulu konqenqema. Ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
Amandla e-Photovoltaic
Ama-laser asheshayo anendawo ebanzi yokufaka isicelo ekwenzeni amaseli e-photovoltaic. Isibonelo, ekwenziweni kwamabhethri efilimu emincane ye-CIGS, ama-laser asheshayo angangena esikhundleni senqubo yokuqala yokubhala ngomshini futhi athuthukise ngokuphawulekayo ikhwalithi yokubhala, ikakhulukazi izixhumanisi zokubhala ze-P2 ne-P3, ezingafeza cishe kungabikho ukucutshungulwa futhi kungabikho ukuqhekeka nokucindezeleka okusalayo.
I-Aerospace
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi yezindwani ze-turbine, bese uthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa ifilimu yomoya, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula imbobo yefilimu yomoya. Ngo-2018, i-Xi'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics yathuthukisa amandla okushaya okukodwa okuphezulu kakhulu e-China. I-laser ye-femto26nd fiber laser yezimboni engu-2-watt, futhi yathuthukisa uchungechunge lwemishini yokukhiqiza ye-laser eshesha kakhulu, yazuza impumelelo "ekucutshungulweni okubandayo" kwezimbobo zefilimu yomoya kumablade enjini yomoya, egcwalisa igebe lasekhaya. Le ndlela yokucubungula ithuthuke kakhulu kune-EDM Ukunemba kwendlela kuphakeme, futhi izinga lokukhiqiza lithuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Ama-laser e-Ultrafast angasetshenziswa futhi ekusetshenzisweni okunembayo kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-fiber-reinforced, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokunemba komshini kuzosiza ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezifana ne-carbon fiber ku-aerospace nakwezinye izinkambu eziphezulu.
Inkambu yocwaningo
I-2-photon polymerization technology (2PP) "i-nano-optical" 3D indlela yokunyathelisa, efana nobuchwepheshe bokuphulukisa ngokushesha be-prototyping, futhi isazi sekusasa uChristopher Barnatt ukholelwa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungase bube uhlobo oluvamile lwe 3D ukuphrinta esikhathini esizayo. Umgomo we-2-photon polymerization technology ukwelapha ngokukhetha inhlaka ye-photosensitive ngokusebenzisa i-"femto2nd pulse laser". Kuzwakala njengokuthwebula isithombe esisheshayo, umehluko ukuthi ubuncane bongqimba obuncane kanye nesinqumo se-XY axis ubuchwepheshe be-2-photon polymerization engafinyelelwa kuphakathi kuka-100 nm no-200 nm. Ngamanye amazwi, i-2PP 3D ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bunembe izikhathi ezingamakhulu kunobuchwepheshe bokubumba obujwayelekile bokwelapha ukukhanya, futhi izinto eziphrintiwe zincane kunamagciwane.
Njengamanje, intengo yama-laser asheshayo isabiza kakhulu. Njengengqalabutho kulo mkhakha, STYLECNC isivele ikhiqiza imishini yokucubungula i-laser esheshayo futhi isizuze impendulo enhle yemakethe. Imishini yokusika ene-laser yamamojula we-OLED asekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-laser be-ultrafast, i-ultrafast (picosecond/femtosecond) imishini yokumaka ye-laser, imishini yokucubungula ingilazi yengilazi yezikrini zokubonisa i-pico2nd infrared, kanye namawafa engilazi e-infrared e-pico2nd kwethulwe imishini yokusika i-laser, umshini wokudayela ongabonakali ozenzakalelayo we-LED, i-semiconductor ezenzakalelayo. umshini wokwehlisa laser, imishini yokusika ikhava yengilazi yamamojula okuhlonza izigxivizo zeminwe, imigqa yokukhiqiza evumelana nezimo kanye nochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-laser eshesha kakhulu.
Izinzuzo & Cons
buhle
I-Ultrafast laser ingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa emkhakheni we-laser. Njengobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekunembeni kwe-micromachining. I-ultra-short pulse ekhiqizwe i-ultra-fast laser isebenzisana nokokusebenza isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi ngeke ilethe ukushisa ezintweni ezizungezile, ngakho-ke ukucubungula kwe-laser okushesha kakhulu kubizwa nangokuthi ukucubungula okubandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, lapho ububanzi be-laser pulse bufinyelela ezingeni le-pico2nd noma le-femto2nd, ithonya ekunyakazeni kwe-thermal ye-molecular lingagwenywa ngezinga elikhulu, okuholela ethonyeni elincane lokushisa.
Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sisika amaqanda alondoloziwe ngommese wasekhishini obuthuntu, ngokuvamile sasisika amaqanda agciniwe abe izingcezu ezincane. Uma ukhetha indlela yokusika ngommese obukhali ikakhulukazi onqamula ukungcola ngokushesha, amaqanda agciniwe azosikwa ngokulinganayo nangobuhle. Lokho kuyinzuzo yokushesha kakhulu.
bawo
Izimboni zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengamasekethe adidiyelwe namaphaneli anezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zemishini yokucubungula i-laser, futhi kunengozi yokuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe okungafinyeleli kulokho obekulindelwe.
Intengo yama-laser ashesha kakhulu iphezulu, futhi ukushintshela kumnikezeli we-laser omusha kunobungozi bokungakwazi ukwandisa imakethe njengoba kulindelekile kubo bobabili abakhiqizi bemishini ye-laser kanye nabasebenzisi abaningi abangaphansi komfula.
