Uma unombono wokuthenga umshini werutha we-CNC, mangaki ama-eksisi owadingayo Ikhithi yerutha ye-CNC? Kuyinkinga evamile kuwo wonke umthengi werutha ye-CNC, ngakho-ke, ake siqale ukuqhathanisa ama-axis angu-3, ama-axis angu-4 kanye namarutha angu-5 e-CNC.
Qonda 3 Axis, 4th Axis, 4 Axis, kanye 5 Axis for CNC Router Machine Kits
I-5 Axis: XYZAB, XYZAC, XYZBC (I-spindle ingajikiswa kwesokunxele nakwesokudla 180° nxazonke.)
I-4 Axis: XYZA, XYZB, XYZC (4 axis linkage)
I-4th Axis: YZA, XZA (3 axis linkage)
3 Axis: XYZ (3 axis linkage)
I-eksisi ethi A, B noma C ihambisana ne-eksisi yokuzungezisa engu-X, Y, Z.
3 Umshini Womzila we-Axis CNC
Lawa marutha athile e-CNC angahambisana nama-eksisi ama-3 ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-X-eksisi: kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla
I-Y-eksisi: ngaphambili ukuya emuva
I-Z-eksisi: phezulu naphansi
Imishini engu-3 ye-axis ye-CNC ehambisa i-axis engu-3 ngesikhathi esisodwa; i-X-eksisi, i-Y-eksisi, kanye ne-Z-eksisi. Ukusika ku-X-eksisi kuhambisa kancane irutha ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla, ukusika ku-Y-eksisi kuyisusa ukusuka phambili ukuya emuva, futhi ukusika inqamule i-Z-eksisi kuyihambisa phezulu naphansi. Le mishini isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukusika izingxenye eziyisicaba, i-2D kanye ne-2.5D. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubaza okuyisicaba noma ukubaza okuyindilinga, ungacabanga ngakho njengokuqopha okuyisicaba, kubalwa ngokuvumelana nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
4th Axis CNC Router Machine
Ngokuvamile, engeza i-axis yokuzungezisa kukhithi yerutha ye-CNC ye-axis engu-3, ebizwa nangokuthi i-axis, okungukuthi, irutha ye-CNC ye-4th rotary axis. Ungayihlukanisa kanjani ikhithi yerutha ye-4 axis CNC yangempela? Sinikeza isibonelo esivamile se-4 axis 3D i-cylinder routing, iqukethe udondolo oluyindilinga olusikiwe noma oluqoshwe a 3D i-buddha, lo msebenzi une-axis engu-4, kodwa usebenza kuphela nge-3 axis CNC system, isetshenziswa i-X axis noma i-Y axis ukushayela i-axis ejikelezayo, isisebenzi sangempela siwumshini we-3 eksisi CNC noma umshini we-rotary 4th axis CNC.
4 Umshini Womzila we-Axis CNC
Ithebula lerutha ye-CNC ye-axis engu-4 lenza umsebenzi ube khona nhlangothi zombili, ongekho kuthebula lerutha ye-CNC ye-axis engu-3. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC we-4 axis nawo ane-X, Y, Z axis, ibhekisela ku-XYZA, XYZB, XYZC, 4 axis axhunyiwe, i-eksisi engu-4 ingasebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo.
4 I-eksisi VS 4th eksisi
4 i-eksisi isho ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lenza ukunyakaza kwe-eksisi X, Y, Z kanye no-A ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izimbazo ezi-4 zimelela izinkomba ezi-4 ethuluzini lomshini. Imvamisa i-axis engu-X imele isiqondiso sokunxele nesokudla, i-eksisi ye-Y ibheke phambili nangemuva, kanti i-axis i-Z ibheke phezulu naphansi. I-eksisi engu-A iyisiqondiso esihle nesingesihle se-eksisi ejikelezayo. I-eksisi yesi-4 isho ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lingasebenzisa kuphela ukunyakaza kwe-eksisi X, Y, Z, ne-A ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izimbazo ezi-3 azikwazi ukusebenzisa isixhumanisi sezimbazo ezi-4 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umshini womzila we-4 we-CNC we-axis uhlukaniswe cishe ngezinhlobo ezi-2, eyodwa i-4th axis flat-plane router machine, kanti enye i-4th axis. 3D Umshini womzila we-CNC. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, umshini werutha we-4th axis flat-plane ubaza kuphela noma usike ohlangothini olulodwa lwento.
4 eksisi 3D machining kusho ukuthi umshini uyakwazi ukusebenza 3D ukuqopha okujikelezayo noma ukusika, kodwa enye yezimbazo ezi-3 u-X, Y, no-Z iguqulelwa ku-eksisi engu-A ukuze kusetshenziswe umzila. Sichaza umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezi-2 ze 3D Imishini ye-CNC evela emazingeni ahlukene:
1. Ngokomqondo, umehluko phakathi kwe-eksisi engu-4 kanye ne-eksisi yesi-4 ukuthi ukuxhumanisa kwe-eksisi engu-4 ka-X, Y, Z, kanye no-A kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
2. Ngokombono wesistimu yokulawula yomshini, umshini we-CNC we-4 axis usebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwe-4-axis, futhi i-4th axis isebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwe-3-axis.
3. Isistimu yokuxhumanisa i-axis engu-4 isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-4-eksisi ngokuvumelana nesignali yokunyakaza komshini. Ukulahlekelwa, ukuxhumana kwe-axis engu-3 kusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-3-eksisi, isignali eyodwa ingaphansi kwe-4 eksisi.
4. Ngokomphumela wokubaza, i-4-axis inokucubungula okuningi kune-4th-axis, ukucubungula kufana kakhulu, i-angle efile incane, futhi ukubukeka kuhle kakhulu.
5. Ihlukile ekuqondeni kwethuluzi lomshini. Indawo lapho ithiphu yethuluzi le-4-eksisi eliya kuyo ingashintshwa noma nini. Iphuzu lethuluzi le-eksisi yesi-4 lihlala likhomba phakathi nendawo yokusebenza. I-axis engu-4 ithuthuke kakhulu futhi ithembekile kune-4th axis. I-4 axis iyindlela yokuthuthuka ye 3D Imishini ye-router ye-CNC. Okubalulekile ukuthi ngaphezu 60% we 3D Imishini ye-CNC router emakethe iyi-axis yesi-4. Lapho ukhetha i-4-eksisi 3D Umshini we-CNC, akudingekile kuphela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-axis engu-4 ne-4th eksisi, kodwa futhi nokuhlaziya izimo zayo zomshini, njengosayizi, isisindo, ubulukhuni, nezindlela zomshini we-workpiece.
5 Umshini Womzila we-Axis CNC
Lawa ma-routers acishe afane nekhithi yomshini we-CNC ye-axis engu-3, 4, kodwa anama-eksisi angu-2 angeziwe angahamba nawo. Le eksisi eyengeziwe ivumela isikhathi sephrojekthi esifushane ngenxa yekhono layo lokusika amaphethelo angu-5 wento ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi le mishini ine-X-eksisi ende, yenza ukuzinza nokunemba okuncane okudinga ukunakwa kwakho okuthe xaxa kunekhithi yerutha engu-3, 4 ye-CNC ye-axis.
Isikhungo somshini we-5 axis CNC sinezici zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi i-pentahedron ingacutshungulwa ekubambeni okukodwa kwendawo yokusebenza. Uma ifakwe isistimu yokulawula izinombolo ye-5-eksisi ephezulu, ingakwazi futhi ukwenza ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukucubungula isikhunta sesimanje njengezingxenye zezimoto nezingxenye zesakhiwo sendiza. Kunezindlela ezi-2 ze-axis ejikelezayo yesikhungo semishini eqondile ye-axis engu-5. Enye i-axis ye-table rotary. Ithebula elibekwe phezu kombhede lingazungeza i-eksisi engu-X, echazwa njenge-eksisi engu-A. Uhla olujwayelekile lokusebenza lwe-axis engu-+30 degrees kuya ku-120 degrees. Kukhona netafula elijikelezayo phakathi kwetafula lokusebenza, elizungeza i-eksisi ka-Z endaweni eboniswe esithombeni, echazwa ngokuthi i-axis engu-C, futhi i-eksisi engu-C iyazungeza. 360°. Ngale ndlela, ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-A-eksisi kanye ne-C-eksisi, ngaphandle kwesikhungo semishini ye-axis engu-5 esingaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza egxilwe kuthabula lokusebenza, ezinye izindawo ezi-5 zingacutshungulwa yi-spindle eqondile. Inani elincane lokuthweswa iziqu le-A-eksisi kanye ne-C-eksisi ngokuvamile lingama-degree angu-0.001, ukuze ucezu lokusebenza luhlukaniswe lube yinoma iyiphi i-engeli, futhi izindawo ezithambekele, izimbobo ezithambekile, njll. zingacutshungulwa. Uma i-axis engu-A kanye ne-C-eksisi kuxhunywe nezimbazo zomugqa ezingu-X, Y, Z 3, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zendawo zingacutshungulwa. Yiqiniso, lokhu kudinga ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo ze-CNC eziphezulu, izinhlelo ze-servo kanye nesofthiwe. Inzuzo yalolu lungiselelo ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-spindle kulula, ukuqina kwe-spindle kuhle kakhulu, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-worktable evamile ayikwazi ukuklanywa ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nawo uncane, ikakhulukazi lapho ukujikeleza kwe-A-axis kukhulu noma kulingana nama-degree angu-90, umsebenzi wokusebenza uzoletha umzuzu omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo endaweni yokusebenza lapho usika. Okunye ukuthembela ekujikelezeni kwekhanda lokuphotha eliqondile. Ingxenye engaphambili ye-shaft eyinhloko iyikhanda elijikelezayo, elingazungeza i-axis engu-Z 360° ukuze ube yi-C axis. Ikhanda elijikelezayo liphinde libe ne-eksisi engu-A ekwazi ukuzungeza i-X eksisi, engafinyelela ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-±90 ukuze kuzuzwe umsebenzi ofanayo nongenhla. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokusetha ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwe-spindle kuyavumelana nezimo kakhulu, i-worktable nayo ingaklanywa ukuthi ibe nkulu kakhulu, futhi i-fuselage enkulu kanye negobolondo lenjini elikhulu lendiza yabagibeli kungacutshungulwa kulolu hlobo lwesikhungo somshini. Lo mklamo uphinde ube nenzuzo enkulu: uma sisebenzisa izisiki zokugaya eziyindilinga ukuze sicubungule izindawo ezigobile, lapho umugqa omaphakathi wethuluzi uphambana nendawo emshinini, njengoba isivinini somugqa we-apex yesisiki esiyindilinga sokugaya singuziro, ikhwalithi yangaphezulu ye-workpiece esikwe yi-apex izoba mbi. Idizayini yokujikeleza kokuphotha iyamukelwa ukwenza i-spindle izungezise i-engeli ehlobene nendawo yokusebenza, ukuze umsiki wokugaya oyindilinga ugweme ukusika i-apex, uqinisekisa isivinini esithile somugqa, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokucubungula indawo. Lesi sakhiwo sithandwa kakhulu ngokunemba okuphezulu kwe-mold machining, okunzima ukuthi izikhungo ze-rotary table machining zifinyeleleke. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza, i-axis ejikelezayo ephezulu iphinde ifakwe impendulo eyisiyingi yegrating, futhi ukunemba kwenkomba kungaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa. Yiqiniso, ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwalolu hlobo lwe-spindle kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza nazo ziphezulu.
I-True 5 Axis VS Fake 5 Axis
I-axis yeqiniso engu-5 inomsebenzi we-RTCP. Ingaguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuya ngobude be-pendulum be-spindle kanye nezixhumanisi zemishini yetafula elijikelezayo. Lapho uhlanganisa uhlelo, kufanele kucatshangelwe izixhumanisi ze-workpiece kuphela, hhayi ubude be-pendulum be-spindle kanye nokuma kwetafula elijikelezayo. Ukuthi i-axis engu-5 yangempela, akuncikile ekutheni i-axis engu-5 ixhunywe yini, i-axis engu-5-mbumbulu ingaba ukuxhumana kwe-5-eksisi. Uma i-spindle ine-RTCP yeqiniso ye-5-axis algorithm. Ukwenza i-indexing processing. I-axis yeqiniso engu-5 enomsebenzi we-RTCP idinga kuphela ukusetha isistimu yokuxhumanisa eyodwa, futhi idinga kuphela ukusetha izixhumanisi kanye zethuluzi. I-axis engu-5 mbumbulu iyinkinga enkulu.
Uhlelo lwe-CNC olunomsebenzi we-RTCP lungasebenzisa ngokuqondile uhlelo lwethiphu yethuluzi ngaphandle kokucabangela ibanga elimaphakathi le-eksisi ejikelezayo. Ngemva kokufaka imodi ye-RTCP, ukuhlela imishini ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi kungakhomba ngokuqondile ithiphu lethuluzi esikhundleni senkaba yekhanda lokuphotha elijikelezayo, ngakho ukuhlela kuzoba lula kakhulu futhi kusebenze kahle kakhudlwana.
Ku-pseudo 5-axis double turntable, izixhumanisi eziningi zidinga ukusethwa ukuze kufezwe injongo yokucubungula inkomba. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyikhanda lokushwibeka le-axis engu-5, ukucutshungulwa kwenkomba akukwazi ukuqedelwa, ngoba ikhanda lokushwibeka le-axis engu-5 alikona ukunyakaza okukodwa kuka-Z lapho kucutshungulwa phansi, kodwa u-Z uhamba no-X noma u-Y ndawonye. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lomgunyathi lwe-axis 5 luzoba nzima kakhulu futhi ukulungisa iphutha kuzoba nzima kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi we-3-axis offset awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi.
Yimuphi Umshini Werutha we-CNC Okulungele?
Nakuba lawa ma-routers ebonakala ebheke phambili ngandlela thize ngalokho angakufeza, ayizingcezu zobuchwepheshe ezithambile futhi ezithuthukile. Uma ubheke ukwenza ubuciko obuningi ngemiklamo yakho, kuyanconywa ukuthi utshale ku-4 axis noma 5 axis CNC router kit, kodwa 3 eksisi noma 4th axis CNC router kits ngokuvamile ukuthenga kakhulu.
Manje njengoba usunolwazi olusebenzayo lokuthi i-router isebenza kanjani ungakwazi ukuqonda kangcono umehluko phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukahlukene.
Imishini ye-CNC enama-axis ama-5 ingasika kuma-axis amabili engeziwe kunemishini ye-CNC enama-axis ama-3. Lawa ma-router anekhono lokusika ezinhlangothini ezi-5 zento ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwandisa amakhono omqhubi kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo. Ngokungafani nozakwabo abanama-axis ama-3, le mishini ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika enkulu 3D izingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-CNC ye-axis engu-5 ine-gantry ende kanye ne-X-axis ende, ebavumela ukuba banqume ingxenye enkulu; nokho, lokhu kuza ngezindleko ezinkulu; uma i-gantry iba yinde futhi iba yinde i-X-eksisi, iyancipha ukunemba nokuzinza kwale mishini. Ukuze uthole ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okufanele, i-h8 ye-gantry kanye nobude be-X-eksisi kufanele bukhawulelwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Nakuba ama-routers ebonakala eyimishini elula, ayizingcezu zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezidinga izinga elithile lobuchwepheshe ukuze zisebenze. Imishini ye-CNC ye-axis engu-5 ivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezinhlobo ze-eksisi ezi-3 zendabuko, kodwa ekugcineni zinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu futhi inike amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nobuciko kakhudlwana ngemiklamo yabo.
Mangaki ama-eksisi owadingayo?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazibona izikhombo zamarutha e-CNC anikeza i-eksisi eyisikhombisa, engu-9 noma eyishumi nanye. Nakuba leyo eksisi eminingi eyengeziwe ingase ibonakale inzima ukuyibona ngeso lengqondo, incazelo yamajiyometri amangalisa kangaka empeleni ilula kakhulu.
Uma usebenza ngemishini ene-spindle engaphezu kweyodwa, ungase uthi, usuvele une-axis eyengeziwe.
Isibonelo, sinemishini enezipini ezimbili kanye nezipini eziphansi. Kuleyo mishini, uzoba ne-axis eziningana: i-turret ephezulu izoba ne-axis ezine kanti i-turret engezansi ine-2, bese kuba ne-spindles eziphikisanayo ezine-axis ezimbili. Leyo mishini ingaba ne-axis efika ku-9.
Ingxenye, njengevalvu ye-aerospace ingenziwa emshinini we-CNC we-axis emi-5. Noma singenza leyo ngxenye kumzila we-CNC onama-axis amaningi ane-rotary B-eksisi nama-spindles angamawele angu-2 C-eksisi, kanye no-X, Y kanye no-Z. Kukhona futhi i-turret ephansi ekunikeza i-2nd X kanye no-Z. Ngakho ikunikeza i-eksisi eyengeziwe, kodwa ingxenye ngokwayo iyijiyomethri efanayo.
Ngakho-ke udinga ama-eksisi amangaki ebhizinisini lakho?
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ekukhiqizeni, impendulo yalowo mbuzo incike kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile. Bheka isibonelo esilandelayo:
I-turbine blade iyindawo ekhululekile futhi ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuqeda umshini i-blade enjalo ukusebenzisa ama-axis ama-5, uhambise ithuluzi ngendlela ejikelezayo uzungeze i-airfoil ye-blade. Ungasebenzisa i-axis ama-3 ukuze ushaye uma uqondisa i-blade endaweni ethile bese usebenzisa ama-axis ama-3 aqondile ukuze ushayele phezulu, kodwa leyo akuyona indlela ephumelela kakhulu.
I-geometry yengxenye izokutshela uma udinga ukucushwa kwe-eksisi engu-3, 4 noma engu-5.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inani le-axis olidingayo lincike ezintweni ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Ingxenye izolawula okuningi, kodwa futhi kukhona nalokho isitolo esifuna ukukufeza.
Ikhasimende lingase lingilethele ingxenye, ngithi ubakaki we-titanium aerospace, futhi ngingase ngithi, Leyo yingxenye ephelele yetafula lerutha ye-CNC ye-axis engu-5, kodwa bangahle bahlele ukwenza izingxenye ezingasebenza kangcono komunye wemishini yethu. Lowo mshini onemisebenzi eminingi ungase ungathuthukisiwe ngendlela efanayo nomshini we-CNC we-axis engu-5, kodwa ungase unikeze ikhasimende amathuba okwenza umsebenzi we-lathe, shaft noma we-chucker oyingxenye yohlelo lwawo lwesikhathi eside.
Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe yimvilophu yomsebenzi, Iyiphi ingxenye yobukhulu obukhulu ongayifaka emshinini bese usenza izinguquko zamathuluzi kanye nokudluliselwa kwengxenye? Iwukuqonda amakhono omshini we-CNC nokuthi yini engakwazi ukuyenza nengakwazi ukuyenza.
I-3 Axis CNC Router VS 4 Axis CNC Router VS 5 Axis CNC Router.pdf
