Isingeniso
Lesi sihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo mayelana nezinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile uma usebenzisa amarutha e-CNC nezikhungo zokunyathelisa ze-CNC, kanye nemishini yokubaza esondliwe/edidiyelwe. Iqondiswe kubaqashi nabanye abaphethe indlela le mishini esetshenziswa ngayo. Abaqhubi bemishini bazothola lolu lwazi lokusetshenziswa.
Umlando wengozi
Imboni yokhuni inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezingozi ezibangelwa ukuthintana nemishini ehambayo. Iningi lalezi zibangelwa izandla noma iminwe yomqhubi ethintana nezicucu ezijikelezayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezingozi okuphenywe yi- STYLECNC uthole ukuthi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
1. onogada abangenele noma abalahlekile;
2. ukunganele noma ukuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi.
Ukuqeqeshwa nolwazi
Kubalulekile ukuthi umshini ufakwe izivikelo ezidingekayo futhi nabaqhubi bemishini baqeqeshwe ukuze bawusebenzise futhi benze umsebenzi okulindeleke ukuba bawenze ngokuphepha. Ukuqeqeshwa kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abathintekayo ekunakekeleni, ekusetheni nasekuhlanzeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le misebenzi yenziwa ngendlela ephephile. Akekho okufanele avunyelwe ukusebenza emshinini wokwenza izinkuni ngaphandle uma ebonise ikhono. Kuyancomeka ukuthi abaqhubi abanekhono bagunyazwe ngokubhaliwe ngumuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo (umqondisi, umphathi omkhulu njll). Lokhu kuzoba yingxenye yamarekhodi oqeqesho. Noma ubani oqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla yokusebenza kumele naye athole ukuqeqeshwa okwanele futhi bobabili abaqhubi nabaphathi kufanele bathole ulwazi futhi lapho kufanele khona, imiyalelo ebhaliwe.
Izidingo zomthetho
Izidingo zomthetho ezihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwale mishini ziqukethwe Ekusetshenzisweni okuphephile kokusebenza ngokhuni
imishini. Ukuhlinzekwa nokusetshenziswa kweMithethonqubo Yezisetshenziswa Zokusebenza 1998 (PUWER) njengoba isetshenziswa emishinini yokwenza izinkuni. Lo mbhalo unikeza izeluleko ezisebenzayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokuphephile kwemishini yokwenza ukhuni futhi uhlanganisa nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi nokuqeqeshwa kanye nezici zokuqapha nokunakekela.
Lapho uthenga umshini omusha, kufanele unikezwe isimemezelo sokuvumelana futhi ube ne-CE mark. Abaklami nabakhiqizi kufanele bahambisane nezidingo ezibalulekile zokuphepha zeMachinery Directive kanye nemithetho ehlobene ne-European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
Ukuhlolwa kweengozi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemishini enezinga elihlukahlukene lobunzima. Yonke imishini kufanele ifakwe ngokwezidingo zomenzi ngezinsizakalo ezifanele ezinikezwayo. Lokhu kufanele kufake phakathi ukukhishwa okwanele kokususa ama-chips nothuli. Ungalokothi ushintshe umshini nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokuthi uqale wabonisana nomenzi/umhlinzeki futhi wathola isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukuguqulwa ngeke kube yingozi ekuphepheni/ekupheleleni komshini. Umshini ngamunye unezici zawo kanye nokucushwa okufanele ukucabangele lapho uhlonza izingozi futhi uhlola izingozi. Kuzodingeka ucabangele izingozi ezilandelayo:
1. ukukhishwa kwe-workpiece noma i-cutter - qiniseka ukuthi zivikelekile ngaphambi kokuqala;
2. ukuthintana nabasiki abajikelezayo nabaguquli bamathuluzi abazenzakalelayo (lapho kufakwe khona);
3. ukubamba nokuchotshozwa okubangelwa amatafula anyakazayo noma amakhanda omshini;
4. ukunyakaza okungalindelekile noma ukuqala okubangelwa amaphutha ohlelweni lokulawula;
5. ukukhishwa komsindo owedlulele;
6. ukukhiqizwa kothuli nama-chips;
7. amadivaysi okuphatha nokulayisha okuzenzakalelayo (lapho efakwe khona);
8. Imishini yokuqinisa umoya ne-vacuum (lapho ifakwe khona);
9. uhlelo oluphephile lokuzungezisa ithuluzi lokusika kanye nesivinini sokusondela esihambisana nezinto ezicutshungulwayo;
10. noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezintsha kufanele zibe 'nokugijima okungapheli' ngesivinini esiphansi uma kwenzeka amaphutha, ukuze kugwenywe ukushayisana njll.
Umfanekiso 1a
Irutha encane ye-overhead/C-frame CNC enonogada webanga elingashintshi. Izingozi zanoma iyiphi ingozi yokuchotshozwa noma yokubamba phakathi kwezingxenye zomshini onyakazayo nazo kufanele zilawulwe.
Umfanekiso 1b
Umshini wengalo we-C/cantilever onamabhampa azwela ukucindezela.
Amarutha e-CNC kanye nezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC
Amarutha e-CNC kanye nezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC zinezigaba ezi-2 eziyinhloko:
1. Ingalo ye-C-frame/cantilever/overhead;
2. Uhlaka lwephothali (i-gantry/ipalisti).
I-C-frame/cantilever arm/overhead
Le mishini, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-router aphezulu, ineyunithi yekhanda eyodwa noma esebenza kaningi ebekwe engalweni ye-C-frame/cantilever ehamba ngaphesheya kwetafula noma ehlala imile ngenkathi ithebula lomsebenzi lihamba ngaphansi kwalo, bheka Umfanekiso 1a, b no-c.
Umfanekiso 1c
Umshini wengalo we-C/cantilever onamata okuphepha.
Uhlaka lwephothali (i-gantry/iposi)
Le mishini ineyunithi yekhanda eyodwa noma enemisebenzi eminingi efakwe kuhlaka lwephothali (i-gantry/iposi legoli) elingahamba phezu kwetafula lomsebenzi noma lihlale limile kuyilapho ithebula lomsebenzi lihamba ngaphansi kwalo, bheka Umfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso we-2
Iphothali (i-gantry/uhlaka lwe-goalpost) ngendawo ebiyelwe ngokwengxenye kanye nesithiyo sokukhanya.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhungo somshini we-CNC zingafaka phakathi umzila, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile nezivundlile, ukugoba nokubumba izinhlelo zokusebenza. Konke lokhu kukhonzwa umguquli wamathuluzi wezikhundla eziningi obekwe eduze kweyunithi yekhanda noma obekwe kuhlaka lomshini, bheka Umfanekiso 2. Kubalulekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ithuluzi elilungile, elifanele umshini kanye nesicelo. Amathuluzi kufanele futhi agcinwe esesimweni esihle.
Imishini eminingi isebenza ngezimbazo ezi-3, u-X no-Y (ukunyakaza okuvundlile) kanye no-Z (ukunyakaza okuqondile). Eminye imishini inendawo yokusebenza nge-eksisi ejikelezayo eqondile nevundlile (imishini ye-axis emi-5) futhi zonke lezi zimbazo kuzodingeka zibhekwe ekuhlolweni kobungozi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqoqweni kothuli nama-chip kanye ne-trajectory yezingcezu zemfucuza ekhishiwe kucezu lokusebenza.
Ukuvikela
Amarutha e-CNC angagadwa onogada abahlukahlukene kodwa noma yimaphi amabanga okuphepha kufanele ahambisane nezindinganiso. Uma onogada abangaguquki bezokwehliswa ngumsebenzisi ngezinhloso zokunakekela noma zokuhlanza njll, khona-ke izinhlelo zabo zokuzilungisa kufanele zihlale zinamathele kunogada noma emshinini lapho unogada ekhishwa, isb afakwe izikulufu ezihlala zinamathele kunogada.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba amasistimu okulawula kuma-router athuthukile ukusuka ekulawuleni okwenziwa ngesandla kuya ku-CNC, izinga lokungenelela komsebenzisi phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini lehlile. Ukwengezwa kwezinsiza ezizenzakalelayo zokulayisha nokuthulula kanye nokushintsha kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo kuye kwanciphisa nakakhulu isidingo sokusondela eduze kwendawo yokusika. Lokhu kuvumele abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zokuvikela ezehlukile ekugadweni okuvamile okusetshenziswa emishinini emidala, esetshenziswa mathupha.
Emishinini emikhulu kuwumkhuba ovamile ukuvimbela ukufinyelela endaweni yokusika ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini ngendawo ebiyelwe, bheka Umfanekiso 3. Inhloso yendawo ebiyelwe ukuvimbela:
1. ukufinyelela endaweni eyingozi;
2. ukukhishwa kwengxenye yethuluzi;
3. noma iyiphi ingozi echotshozwayo noma yokubamba phakathi kwezingxenye zomshini ezingaguquki nezinyakazayo.
Umfanekiso we-3
Isikhungo semishini ye-CNC ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe ngokugcwele.
Ukufinyelela endaweni ebiyelwe ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze:
1. ukulayisha noma ukuthulula isiqeshana somsebenzi;
2. ukuhlanza, ukubeka noma ukulungisa;
3. ukushintsha ithuluzi.
Lapho ukungena endaweni ebiyelwe kudingekile khona-ke kufanele kudlule ngomnyango okhiyekile ozovimbela ukungena ngenkathi abasiki nezinye izingxenye eziyingozi zihamba. Noma yikuphi ukuhlangana okusetshenzisiwe kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso. Izidingo zokuvalwa zihlanganisa:
1. ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okufika okungenani ku-1.8 m ukusuka ezingeni lephansi;
2. ukwenziwa ngezinto ezimelana nomthelela ezikwazi ukuqukatha izinto zokusebenza ezikhishiwe noma izingxenye zomshini;
3. ukuba nesexwayiso esizwakalayo noma esibonakalayo (isb. ukukhanya okuphuzi) kokuqalisa okuzayo;
4. ukuba nomshini wokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo (ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe) ezomisa ukuqalisa uma kunesidingo; ■ ukuba nedivaysi yokulawula ukusetha kabusha ukukhiya komnyango okuthobelana nezindinganiso. Lokhu kufanele kube ngaphandle kwendawo ebiyelwe kodwa endaweni evumela ukuthi kubonakale kahle ngaphakathi. Akufanele ifinyeleleke ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe;
5. ukuba nezici zokunciphisa umsindo lapho imishini ikhiqiza amazinga omsindo angaphezu kwama-85 dB(A).
Ezinye izivikelo zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sendawo ebiyelwe ngokugcwele, njenge:
1. izivikelo eziyingxenye, ezinezithiyo zokukhanya noma ezingenazo imishayo (Umfanekiso 2);
2. amabhampa azwela ukucindezela (Umfanekiso 1b);
3. amacansi azwela ukucindezela (Umfanekiso 1c).
Ukukhethwa kwezivikelo ezikhethiwe kuzoncika ekuhlolweni komkhiqizi/umklami ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokuphepha ezibalulekile ze-Machinery Directive kanye nemithethonqubo ye-European Free Trade Association (EFTA) ehambisanayo ziyahlangatshezwa.
Uma kukhona ukuvuleka khona-ke amakhethini kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuvikela ingozi yokukhishwa kwezingxenye zamathuluzi noma izingxenye ze-workpiece. Ngakho-ke kufanele bakwazi ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa komthelela ophethe i-projectile engu-100 g uma ishaywa ngesivinini esingu-70 m/s.
Lapho kudingeka ukufinyelela okungajwayelekile, isibonelo, ngemisebenzi yokulungisa kuphela, khona-ke i-fixed guard ingasetshenziswa (Isithombe 1a). Lokhu kuncike ekutheni kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela ukuqala ngengozi ngenkathi umshini usebenza (bheka 'Ukulungisa').
Kufanele futhi kube ne-local exhaust ventilation esebenzayo (LEV) ehambisana nomshini ukususa uthuli nama-chips.
Amabhuleki
Kufanele kube nebhuleki likagesi elizishintshayo elinikezwe i(ama)thuluzi lokuphotha ukuze lime phakathi kwemizuzwana eyishumi.
Indlela yokushintsha ithuluzi
Kwezinye izimo, indawo ebiyelwe yendawo yokusika izovimbela ukuthintana nomshini wokushintsha amathuluzi. Kwezinye izimo kungase kube nomagazini wamathuluzi ohlukile endaweni yomshini futhi onomnyango wawo wokufinyelela. Iminyango enjalo yokufinyelela kufanele ivalwe nomshini wokushintsha amathuluzi futhi uma kukhona ukufinyelela kwabasiki, nayo ivalwe nabo. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha amathuluzi ngesandla, akufanele kube nengozi yokujikeleza kwesibambi samathuluzi ngenkathi kufakwa noma kususwa amathuluzi. Sebenzisa izilawuli ze-'hold-to-run' noma ze-single-step pendant ukuze uqondise isibambi samathuluzi (bheka futhi 'i-Mode selection switch').
Maintenance
Zonke izinto zokuphepha kufanele zihlolwe ngumuntu oqeqeshwe kahle futhi onekhono (umuntu onamakhono adingekayo, ulwazi kanye nolwazi) ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kufanele kucabangele ukuthi umshini usetshenziswa kangakanani kanye nezincomo zomhlinzeki noma zomenzi. Bhala phansi imininingwane yanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa nokuhlolwa futhi ikakhulukazi noma yiziphi izenzo ezitholakele kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthi seziqediwe.
Okunye ukulungiswa kungase kudinge ukuthi umshini ubekwe wodwa ngokuphephile ukuze ugweme ukuqala ngephutha. Ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi okuphephile kusho ukuthi amandla kagesi ayacishwa, futhi kukhona nezinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala ecishiwe. Ukuxhuma kabusha okungaqondile kufanele kugwenywe - isibonelo ngokuphula isigaba se-3 ngokusebenzisa imishini kanye nokuba nendawo yokukhiya.
Iswishi yokukhetha imodi
Lapho imishini yakhelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokusethwa onogada abakhiyekayo abagudlukayo kanye/noma izinto zokuzivikela zicishiwe, inkinobho yokukhetha imodi kufanele ihlinzekwe ukuze kukhethwe phakathi kwezindlela zokusebenza zomshini namasethingi. Kumodi yokusebenza yokusetha umshini, uma onogada abanyakazayo bevuliwe futhi/noma izisetshenziswa zokuzivikela zivaliwe, noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okuyingozi kufanele kwenzeke kuphela uma izidingo ezimbalwa sezihlangabeziwe, okuhlanganisa:
1. ukujikeleza kokuphotha kanye nokunyakaza kwe-eksisi eyodwa kulawulwa isilawuli sokubamba ukuze ugijime/ithuluzi elivumelayo;
2. ukunyakaza kwe-eksisi eyodwa kufanele kukhawulelwe ku-2 m/min isivinini noma ukukhuphuka okungu-10 mm;
3. uma ukuzungezisa kwethuluzi kunikezwa kufanele kukhawulelwe kubukhulu obungu-300 ama-revolutions/min futhi ukuzungezisa kwamathuluzi kufanele kume ngokuzungezisayo okungaphansi koku-2 ngemva kokukhishwa kokulawula ukubamba.
Imishini yokulawula yokubamba ukuze uyigijime kanye nemishini evumela ukunyakaza kwamathuluzi noma izimbazo kufanele ibekwe kuphaneli yokulawula eyinhloko kanye/noma kusethi yeselula yezilawuli ezixhunywe emshinini ngentambo engaguquki noma okungenantambo (uma kuhlinzekiwe).
Imishini yokuqopha ephakelwa ngesandla/edidiyelwe
Lena imishini yohlobo lwe-overhead/C-frame enethuluzi elilodwa lokuphotha/ikhanda lomsebenzi elitholakala ngaphezu kwetafula. Ithebula lingakwazi ukuhamba liye eziqondisweni ezi-3 (X, Y kanye no-Z). Isivinini sokugijima singahluka kusuka ku-6000 rpm kuya ku-24 000 rpm. I-workpiece ivamise ukuphakelwa emshinini ngendlela ephambene nesiqondiso se-spindle yamathuluzi. Lokhu kungase kube ngokwakho njengokuthi kweminye imishini emidala, bheka uMdwebo 4, noma ngesistimu yokuphakelayo yesiqeshana sokusebenza esididiyelwe lapho ucezu lokusebenza lubanjwa khona futhi lulawulwe ngokomshini ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini.
Ukuqapha amathuluzi
Indandatho
Umfanekiso we-4
Irutha ephezulu esebenza mathupha/i-C-frame enonogada onenketho yokushintsha ithuluzi.
Kufanele kube khona indandatho eguquguqukayo futhi ezivala ngokwayo efakwe ezovimbela ukufinyelela kwethuluzi kusuka phezulu nasezinhlangothini. Isilindi sendandatho kufanele siphumule endaweni yokusebenza ngesikhathi somshini futhi indawo yayo ephansi kufanele ihlale ihambisana netafula. Ingenziwa ucezu olulodwa noma ibe nendandatho yokucindezela ehlanganiswe nonogada oyimvilophi ovumela ukushintsha ithuluzi, isb ngokusebenzisa isembozo esingakhiyiwe esingakhiyiwe esikwazi ukukhiywa mathupha endaweni evaliwe, bheka Umfanekiso 4. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokukhishwa, unogada wendandatho kufanele asebenzise amandla aphakathi kuka-50N no-150N wokusebenza.
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bonogada bendandatho kufanele buvumele ithuluzi elinobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu umshini oklanyelwe ukugxunyekwa ngalo. Kodwa-ke, uma ububanzi obukhulu bethuluzi budlula ama-80 mm, kufanele kube okungenani onogada bendandatho abangu-2 abanobubanzi obuhlukene bangaphakathi. Iringidi kufanele ibe nokuxhumana nendawo yokukhipha umoya yasendaweni futhi yenziwe kusukela kulokhu:
■ insimbi enobukhulu bodonga okungenani obuyi-1.5 mm;
■ Ingxubevange ekhanyayo enogqinsi oluwudonga okungenani oluyi-3 mm;
■ i-polycarbonate enogqinsi lwezindonga okungenani olu-3 mm;
■ enye impahla yepulasitiki enamandla okushayisana okungenani alingana noma angcono kunalawo angama-3 mm polycarbonate;
■ Insimbi ewugqinsi enodonga okungenani oluyi-5 mm.
Ukwesekwa konogada bendandatho Usekelo lweringithoni kufanele luyivumele ukuthi ihambe ngokuzenzakalelayo nekhanda lokuphotha futhi ivumele indawo yayo engezansi ukuthi imiswe ngokuhambisana netafula, noma ngabe ikuphi ukuma kwetafula. Kufanele futhi ivumele ukugada kweringi ukuthi ilungiswe ukuze icabangele ubude bethuluzi umshini oklanyelwe lona. Ukulungiswa kufanele kwenzeke ngaphandle kosizo lwethuluzi.
Amabhuleki
Kufanele kube nebhuleki elizenzakalelayo likagesi noma elisetshenziswayo elinikezwe ithuluzi lokuphotha ukuze lime phakathi nemizuzwana eyishumi.
Ithuluzi
Noma yibaphi abasiki be-router abasetshenziswa emishinini yokubaza ye-spindle eyodwa ephakelwa ngesandla/ edidiyelwe enobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-16 mm kufanele kube uhlobo lomkhawulo we-chip.
