ISINGENISO
Irutha ye-CNC iyi- Ikhithi yomshini we-CNC omigudu yakhe yamathuluzi ingalawulwa ngokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha. Iwumshini olawulwa ngekhompuyutha wokusika izinto ezihlukahlukene eziqinile, njengokhuni, izinhlanganisela, i-aluminium, insimbi, amapulasitiki, namagwebu. Kuyizinhlobo eziningi zamathuluzi anezinhlobonhlobo ze-CNC. Irutha ye-CNC ifana kakhulu ngomqondo ne-a Umshini wokugaya we-CNC.
Amarutha e-CNC afika ekucushweni okuningi, kusukela kumarutha e-CNC esitayela sasekhaya amancane kuya kumarutha amakhulu e-CNC "e-gantry" asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokwenza izikebhe. Nakuba kunokucushwa okuningi, amarutha amaningi e-CNC anezingxenye ezimbalwa ezithile: isilawuli esizinikezele se-CNC, injini yokuphotha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, iziguquli ze-AC, netafula.
Amarutha e-CNC ngokuvamile atholakala ngefomethi ye-CNC engu-3-eksisi kanye ne-5-eksisi.
Irutha ye-CNC iqhutshwa yikhompyutha. Izixhumanisi zilayishwa kusilawuli somshini kusukela kuhlelo oluhlukile. Abanikazi berutha be-CNC bavame ukuba nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezi-2—uhlelo olulodwa lokwenza imiklamo (CAD) nolunye ukuhumusha leyo miklamo ibe uhlelo lweziqondiso zomshini (CAM). Njengasemishinini yokugaya ye-CNC, amarutha e-CNC angalawulwa ngokuqondile ngokuhlela ama-manual, kodwa i-CAD/CAM ivula amathuba abanzi okuhlanganisa, isheshise inqubo yokuhlela futhi kwezinye izimo idale izinhlelo okuzokwenziwa kwazo okwenziwa ngesandla, uma kungenzeki ngempela, kungenzeki neze kwezohwebo.
Amarutha e-CNC kungaba usizo kakhulu lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi efanayo, ephindaphindwayo. Irutha ye-CNC ivamise ukukhiqiza umsebenzi ongaguquki nowekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ithuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwasefekthri.
Irutha ye-CNC inganciphisa ukumosha, imvamisa yamaphutha, kanye nesikhathi umkhiqizo oqediwe osithathayo ukuze ufike emakethe.
Irutha ye-CNC inikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza. Ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto eziningi ezahlukene, njengokuqoshwa kweminyango, imihlobiso yangaphakathi nengaphandle, amaphaneli ezinkuni, amabhodi ezimpawu, amafreyimu okhuni, ukubumba, izinsimbi zomculo, ifenisha, njalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, irutha ye-CNC yenza ukwakheka kwe-thermo kwamapulasitiki kube lula ngokwenza inqubo yokunquma. Amarutha e-CNC asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa kwengxenye kanye nokuphumayo kwefekthri okwanele.
UKULAWULWA KWAMANANI
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo njengoba baziwa namuhla bavela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Kungalandelelwa unyaka ka-1952, i-US Air Force, namagama ka-john parsons kanye neMassachusetts Institute of Technology eCambridge, MA, USA. Ayizange isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1960. i-boom yangempela yeza ngendlela ye-CNC, cishe unyaka ka-1972, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngokwethulwa kwamakhompiyutha amancane athengekayo. Umlando nokuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obuthakazelisayo kubhalwe kahle ezincwadini eziningi.
Ekukhiqizeni okufakiwe, futhi ikakhulukazi endaweni yokusebenza kwensimbi, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo bubangele uguquko okuthile. Ngisho nasezinsukwini zonke ngaphambi kokuba amakhompyutha abe yizinto ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinkampani nasemakhaya amaningi, amathuluzi omshini anohlelo Lokulawula Izinombolo athola indawo yawo ekhethekile ezitolo zemishini. ukuvela kwakamuva kwe-micro electronics kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhompuyutha okungapheli , okuhlanganisa nomthelela wako Ekulawuleni Izinombolo , kulethe izinguquko ezibalulekile emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ngokuvamile kanye nemboni yensimbi ikakhulukazi.
INCAZELO YOKULAWULWA KWEZINBALO
Ezincwadini nasezihlokweni ezihlukahlukene, izincazelo eziningi ziye zasetshenziswa phakathi neminyaka, ukuze kuchazwe ukuthi kuyini Ukulawulwa Kwezinombolo. Eziningi zalezi zincazelo zinombono ofanayo, umqondo ofanayo oyisisekelo, sebenzisa nje amagama ahlukene.
Iningi lazo zonke izincazelo ezaziwayo zingafingqwa esitatimendeni esilula:
Ukulawulwa kwezinombolo kungachazwa njengokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo enekhodi eqondile ohlelweni lokulawula umshini.
Iziqondiso ziyinhlanganisela yezinhlamvu zamagama, amadijithi nezimpawu ezikhethiwe, isibonelo, iphoyinti ledesimali, uphawu lwephesenti noma izimpawu zobakaki. Zonke iziqondiso zibhalwa ngokulandelana okunengqondo kanye nefomu elinqunywe kusengaphambili. Iqoqo layo yonke imiyalelo edingekayo ukuze umshini ingxenye ibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-NC, uhlelo lwe-CNC, noma uhlelo lwengxenye. Uhlelo olunjalo lungagcinwa ukuze lusetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo futhi lusetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efanayo yomshini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
I-NC ne-CNC Technology
Ngokubambelela ngokuqinile kumagama, kunomehluko encazelweni yezifinyezo NC kanye ne-CNC. I-NC imele i-oda kanye nobuchwepheshe boqobo Bokulawula Izinombolo, lapho isifinyezo esithi CNC simele ubuchwepheshe obusha be-Computerized Numerical Control, i-spin-off yesimanje yesihlobo sayo esidala. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, i-CNC iyisifinyezo esithandwayo. Ukucacisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwethemu ngayinye, bheka umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-NC kanye nezinhlelo ze-CNC.
Womabili amasistimu enza imisebenzi efanayo, okungukuthi ukukhohliswa kwedatha ngenjongo yokwenza ingxenye. Kuzo zombili izimo, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesistimu yokulawula kuqukethe imiyalelo enengqondo ecubungula idatha. Kuleli qophelo ukufana kuyaphela.
Uhlelo lwe-NC (ngokuphambene nohlelo lwe-CNC) lusebenzisa imisebenzi enengqondo engaguquki, leyo eyakhelwe futhi enezintambo unomphela ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokulawula. Le misebenzi ayikwazi ukushintshwa umhleli noma u-opharetha womshini. ngenxa yokubhala okungaguquki kokucabanga kokulawula, isistimu yokulawula ye-NC ingatolika ingxenye yohlelo, kodwa ayivumeli noma yiziphi izinguquko kufanele zenziwe kude nokulawula, ngokuvamile endaweni yehhovisi. Futhi, uhlelo lwe-NC ludinga ukusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kwamateyipu agxishiwe ukuze kufakwe ulwazi lohlelo.
Uhlelo lwesimanje lwe-CNC, kodwa hhayi uhlelo oludala lwe-NC, lisebenzisa i-micro processor yangaphakathi (okungukuthi, ikhompuyutha). Le khompuyutha iqukethe amarejista ememori agcina izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezikwazi ukukhohlisa imisebenzi enengqondo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umhleli wengxenye noma u-opharetha womshini angashintsha uhlelo lokulawula ngokwalo (emshinini), ngemiphumela esheshayo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuyinzuzo enkulu kakhulu yezinhlelo ze-CNC futhi cishe isici esibalulekile esibe nesandla ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kangaka kobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje. Izinhlelo ze-CNC kanye nemisebenzi enengqondo kugcinwa kuma-chip akhethekile ekhompuyutha, njengemiyalelo yesofthiwe. Kunokuba kusetshenziswe ukuxhumana kwehadiwe, njengezintambo, ezilawula imisebenzi enengqondo. Ngokuphambene nohlelo lwe-NC, uhlelo lwe-CNC lufana negama elithi `softwired`.
Uma uchaza isihloko esithile esihlobene nobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo, kuwumkhuba ukusebenzisa igama elithi NC noma i-CNC. Khumbula ukuthi i-NC ingaphinda isho i-CNC enkulumweni yansuku zonke, kodwa i-CNC ayisoze yabhekisela kubuchwepheshe be-oda, obuchazwe lapha ngaphansi kwesifinyezo se-NC. Uhlamvu `C` lumele ikhompuyutha, futhi alusebenzi ohlelweni lwezintambo eziqinile. Wonke amasistimu okulawula akhiqizwa namuhla akhiwe nge-CNC. Izifinyezo ezifana ne-C&C noma i-C'n'C azilungile futhi azibonakalisi kabi kunoma ubani ozisebenzisayo.
Amatemu
Uziro ngokuphelele
Lokhu kubhekisela ekumeni kwazo zonke izimbazo uma zisendaweni lapho izinzwa zingazibona khona ngokoqobo. indawo eyiziro ngokuphelele imvamisa ukufika ngemuva kokwenziwa komyalo wasekhaya.
Axis
Ulayini wereferensi ongashintshi lapho into ihumusha noma izungeza.
I-Ball screw
I-ball screw iyithuluzi lomshini lokuhumusha ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kuya kokunyakaza komugqa. iqukethe inadi eliphethe ibhola elizungeza kabusha eligijima ngesikulufu esinentambo esinembayo.
CAD
I-Computer-aid design (CAD) ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi asekelwe kukhompyutha asiza onjiniyela, abadwebi bezakhiwo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bokuklama emisebenzini yabo yokuklama.
I-CAM
Ukukhiqiza okusizwa ngekhompyutha (i-CAM) ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi esofthiwe asekelwe kukhompuyutha esiza onjiniyela nochwepheshe be-CNC ekwenzeni noma ukwenza i-prototyping yezingxenye zomkhiqizo.
CNC
Isifinyezo esithi CNC simele isilawuli sezinombolo sekhompuyutha, futhi sibhekisela ngokuqondile "kumlawuli" wekhompyutha ofunda imiyalelo ye-g-code futhi eshayela ithuluzi lomshini.
isilawuli
Isistimu yokulawula iyidivayisi noma isethi yamadivayisi alawula, ayala, aqondise noma alawule ukuziphatha kwamanye amadivaysi noma amasistimu.
Daylight
Leli ibanga phakathi kwengxenye ephansi kakhulu yethuluzi nendawo yetafula lomshini. Ubukhulu bemini bokukhanya bubhekisela ebangeni ukusuka etafuleni ukuya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ithuluzi elingafinyelela kuyo.
Drill amabhange
Uma kungenjalo kwaziwa ngokuthi ama-multi-drill, lawa amasethi omshini ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngama-32 mm increments.
Isivinini sokuphakelayo
Noma isivinini sokusika umehluko wejubane phakathi kwethuluzi lokusika kanye nobuso bengxenye elisebenza kuyo.
I-offset yokulungisa
Leli inani elimelela uziro oyinkomba womdlalo othile. ihambisana nebanga kuwo wonke ama-eksisi phakathi kukaziro ophelele kanye noziro wokuhlanganisa.
Ikhodi ye-G
Ikhodi ye-G yigama elivamile lolimi lokuhlela olulawula amathuluzi omshini we-NC kanye ne-CNC.
Ikhaya
Leli iphoyinti eliyisithenjwa elihleliwe elaziwa nangokuthi 0,0,0 elimelelwa njengokuthi uziro womshini ophelele noma i-fixture offset ziro.
Ukuhumusha ngomugqa nokuyisiyingi kuyindlela yokwakha amaphuzu edatha amasha kusuka kusethi ehlukene yamaphoyinti edatha aziwayo. ngamanye amazwi, lena yindlela uhlelo oluzobala ngayo indlela yokusika yendingiliza egcwele ngenkathi yazi kuphela iphuzu eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-radius.
Ikhaya lomshini
Lena indawo emisiwe yazo zonke izimbazo emshinini. Lapho ukhipha umyalo we-homing, wonke amadrayivu aya ezindaweni zawo ezimisiwe aze afinyelele iswishi noma inzwa ewatshela ukuthi ame.
I-Nesting
Isho inqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisuka kumakhasi. kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi, isoftware yokwenza isidleke inquma indlela yokubeka izingxenye ngendlela yokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwesitoko esitholakalayo.
Ukumiswa
Kubhekisela ebangeni elikude nesilinganiso somugqa omaphakathi esivela kusofthiwe ye-CAM.
Amathuluzi e-Piggyback
Leli igama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumathuluzi enziwe asebenze emoyeni afakwe eceleni kokuphotha okuyinhloko.
Thumela iphrosesa
Isofthiwe ehlinzeka ngokucutshungulwa kokugcina kudatha, njengokuyifometha ukuze iboniswe, iphrinte noma yenziwe ngomshini.
Uhlelo ziro
Leli iphuzu eliyinkomba elingu-0,0 elishiwo ohlelweni. ezimweni eziningi uhlukile kunomshini uziro.
I-Rack ne-pinion
I-rack ne-pinion ipheya lamagiya aguqula ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kube ukunyakaza okuqondile.
Uthi lokuphotha
I-spindle iyinjini eyimvamisa ephezulu efakwe amathuluzi okubamba ithuluzi.
Spoilboard
Yaziwa nangokuthi ibhodi lomhlatshelo, iyimpahla esetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezinto ezisikwayo. ingenziwa ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene, okuyi-MDF kanye ne-particleboard ezivame kakhulu.
Ithuluzi liyalayisha
Lokhu kubhekisela ekucindezelweni okufakwe ethuluzini ngenkathi linqamula impahla.
Isivinini sethuluzi
Kubuye kubizwe ngesivinini sokuphotha, lena imvamisa yokujikeleza ye-spindle yomshini, ikalwa ngama-revolutions ngomzuzu (RPM).
Ithuluzi
Amathuluzi, ngokumangazayo ngokwanele, ngokuvamile kuyisici esiqondwa kancane semishini ye-CNC. uma kubhekwa ukuthi kuyisici esisodwa esizothinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokusika kanye nesivinini sokusika, opharetha kufanele bachithe isikhathi esiningi behlola lesi sihloko.
Amathuluzi okusika ngokuvamile afika ezintweni ezi-3 ezahlukene; isivinini esikhulu sensimbi, i-carbide nedayimane.
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS)
I-HSS ibukhali kakhulu ezintweni ezi-3 futhi ibiza kancane, nokho, igqoka eshesha kakhulu futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezintweni ezinganasi. idinga izinguquko ezivamile kanye nokucijiswa futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni lapho umqhubi uzodinga ukusika iphrofayili yangokwezifiso endlini ukuze enze umsebenzi okhethekile.
I-carbide eqinile
Amathuluzi e-carbide eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene: i-carbide enetiphu, i-carbide inserts namathuluzi e-carbide aqinile. khumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-carbide afanayo njengoba isakhiwo se-crystalline sihluka kakhulu phakathi kwabenzi bala mathuluzi. ngenxa yalokho, lawa mathuluzi asabela ngendlela ehlukile ekushiseni, ukudlidliza, umthelela nokusika imithwalo. ngokuvamile, amathuluzi e-carbide abizayo aphansi azoguga futhi acwebe ngokushesha kunemikhiqizo yamagama enamanani aphezulu.
Amakristalu e-silicon carbide ashumekwe ku-cobalt binder ukwenza ithuluzi. Lapho ithuluzi lishiswa, i-cobalt binder ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okubambelela kumakristalu e-carbide futhi iba buthuntu. ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhala esingenalutho esishiywe yi-carbide elahlekile sigcwalisa ukungcola okuvela ezintweni ezisikwayo, okwandisa inqubo yokuthungatha.
Ithuluzi ledayimane
Lesi sigaba samathuluzi sehle ngentengo kule minyaka embalwa edlule. ukumelana kwayo nokuhuzuka okuphawulekayo kuyenza ilungele ukusika izinto ezifana ne-high pressure laminates noma i-Mdf. abanye bathi izodlula i-carbide izikhathi ezingafika kweziyi-100. amathuluzi anetipho yedayimane athambekele ekuchopheni noma ekuqhekekeni uma eshaya isipikili esishunyekiwe noma ifindo eliqinile. abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amathuluzi edayimane ukwenza izinto ezilimazayo zokusika ama-abrasive bese beshintshela ku-carbide noma bafake amathuluzi omsebenzi wokuqeda.
Ijeometri yethuluzi
Shank
I-shank yingxenye yethuluzi elibanjwe umnikazi wamathuluzi. yingxenye yethuluzi elingenabo ubufakazi bokwenza imishini. i-shank kumele igcinwe ingangcoli, i-oxidation kanye nokunwaya.
Sika ububanzi
Lona ububanzi noma ububanzi bokusika okuzokhiqizwa ithuluzi.
Ubude bokusika
Lokhu ukujula okusebenzayo kwethuluzi noma ukuthi ithuluzi lingajula kangakanani ezintweni.
Izingxabano
Lena ingxenye yethuluzi elikhipha izinto ezisikiwe. inani lemitshingo kumsiki libalulekile ekunqumeni umthwalo we-chip.
Iphrofayili yethuluzi
Kunamaphrofayili amaningi wamathuluzi kulesi sigaba. okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe ama-spirals anqumayo kanye ne-downcut, i-compression spirals,
i-rougher, finisher, i-helix ephansi namathuluzi okusika aqondile. zonke lezi ziza ngokuhlanganiswa komtshingo owodwa kuya kwemi-4.
I-upcut spiral izobangela ukuthi ama-chips andizele phezulu ngaphandle kokusikwa. lokhu kuhle uma wenza ukusika okuyimpumputhe noma lapho ubhoboza uqonde phansi. le geometry yethuluzi nokho ikhuthaza ukuphakamisa futhi ijwayele ukuklebhula unqenqema olungaphezulu lwento esikwayo.
Amathuluzi e-Downcut spiral azophusha ama-chips aye phansi kusike okuvame ukuthuthukisa ukubamba ingxenye kodwa angabangela ukuvala nokushisa ngokweqile ezimweni ezithile. leli thuluzi lizophinde lithambekele ekudabuleni unqenqema olungezansi lwento esikwayo.
Kokubili amathuluzi azungezayo okusika nokwehlisa afika ne-roughing, chip breaker noma umphetho wokuqeda.
I-Compression spirals iyinhlanganisela yemitshingo ebheke phezulu kanye ne-downcut.
Amathuluzi okucindezela asunduza ama-chips ukusuka emaphethelweni ukuya phakathi nendawo futhi asetshenziswa lapho kusikwa ama-laminate anezinhlangothi ezimbili noma uma ukuklebhula emaphethelweni kuyinkinga.
I-helix ephansi noma i-high helix spiral bits isetshenziswa lapho kusikwa izinto ezithambile ezifana nepulasitiki negwebu, lapho ukushisela nokuphuma kwe-chip kubalulekile.
Ukulayisha kwe-chip
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokwandisa impilo yamathuluzi ukuqeda ukushisa okumuncwa ithuluzi. indlela eshesha kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukusika izinto eziningi kunokuhamba kancane. Ama-chips akhipha ukushisa okuningi kude nethuluzi kunothuli. futhi, ukuhlikihla ithuluzi ngokumelene nokokusebenza kuzodala ukungqubuzana okuguqulela ekushiseni.
Esinye isici okufanele icatshangelwe emkhankasweni wokukhulisa impilo yamathuluzi ukugcina ithuluzi, ikholethi nesibambi samathuluzi kuhlanzekile, kungenayo idiphozithi noma ukugqwala ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukudlidliza okubangelwa amathuluzi angalingani.
Ugqinsi lwento ekhishwa izinyo ngalinye lethuluzi libizwa ngokuthi i-Chip Load.
Ifomula yokubala i-chip load imi kanje:
Umthwalo weChip = Izinga lokuphakelayo / RPM / # Imitshingo
Lapho umthwalo we-chip unyuswa, ukuphila kwamathuluzi kuyenyuka, kuyilapho kuncipha isikhathi somjikelezo. ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla olubanzi lwemithwalo ye-chip luzofinyelela isiphetho esihle sonqenqema. kungcono ukubhekisela eshadini lokulayisha i-chip lomkhiqizi ukuze uthole inombolo engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa. ukulayishwa kwama-chip okunconyiwe kuvame ukuhluka phakathi kuka-0.003" no-0.03" noma 0.07 mm kuya ku-0.7 mm.
izesekeli
Ukunyatheliswa kwelebuli
Lena inketho eya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu embonini ikakhulukazi njengoba imishini ye-CNC ihlanganiswa kakhulu nefomula yebhizinisi lonke. Isilawuli singaxhunywa kusofthiwe yokuthengisa noma yokuhlela futhi amalebula engxenye ayaphrintwa uma ingxenye isiwumshini. Abanye abathengisi basebenzisa amalebula ukuhlonza izinto ezisele ukuze zibuyiswe kalula ngokuzayo.
Abafundi be-Optical
Uma kungenjalo kwaziwa ngokuthi ama-wands ekhodi yebha, angahlanganiswa kusilawuli ukuze uhlelo lubizwe ngokuskena ibhakhodi kushejuli yomsebenzi. Le nketho yonga isikhathi esibalulekile ngokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokulayisha uhlelo.
Izinketho
Le mishini yokukala iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi yenza imisebenzi eminingi eyahlukene. Amanye ama-probe akala nje indawo engu-h8 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqondana okufanele ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ze-h8. amanye ama-probe angakwazi ukuskena ngokuzenzakalelayo ingaphezulu lento engu-3-dimensional ukuze akhiqizwe kamuva.
Inzwa yobude bethuluzi
Inzwa yobude bethuluzi isebenza njenge-probe ekala ukukhanya kwemini noma ibanga phakathi kwesiphetho sesisiki kanye nendawo yokusebenza bese ifaka le nombolo kumapharamitha wamathuluzi okulawula. Lokhu kungezwa okuncane kuzosindisa opharetha kunqubo ende edingekayo isikhathi ngasinye lapho eshintsha ithuluzi.
Ama-laser projectors
Lawa madivaysi abonwe okokuqala embonini yefenisha kubasiki besikhumba be-CNC. Iprojektha ye-laser ebekwe ngenhla kwetafula lomsebenzi we-CNC iphrojekthi yesithombe sengxenye esesizosikwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukubeka okungenalutho etafuleni ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha nezinye izinkinga.
I-Vinyl cutter
Okunamathiselwe kommese we-vinyl kuvame ukubonakala embonini yezimpawu. lokhu kungumsiki ongaxhunywa ku-spindle eyinhloko noma ohlangothini ngommese ophendukayo wamahhala okucindezela kwawo kungalungiswa nge-knob. Lokhu okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi aguqule irutha yakhe ye-CNC ibe yisakhamuzi ukuze enze imaski ye-vinyl ye-sandblasting noma izinhlamvu ze-vinyl namalogo wamaloli nezimpawu.
I-dispenser epholile
Izibhamu zomoya ezipholile noma ama-misters okusika amanzi asetshenziswa ngomzila wezinkuni ukusika i-aluminium noma ezinye izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Lezi zinamathiselo ziqhumisa indiza yomoya obandayo noma inkungu yoketshezi olusika eduze kwethuluzi lokusika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala ipholile ngenkathi isebenza.
Ingraver
Imiqophi igxunyekwa ku-spindle eyinhloko futhi inekhanda elintantayo eliphethe ummese omncane oqoshiwe ophenduka phakathi kuka-20,000 no-40,000 RPM. Ikhanda elintantayo liqinisekisa ukuthi ukujula okuqoshiwe kuzoba njalo noma ngabe ukujiya kwempahla kushintsha. Le nketho uma ivame ukutholakala embonini yokwenza izimpawu nakuba abenzi bezindondo, ama-luthiers kanye nezitolo zokugaya ziyisebenzisela ukwenza ama-marquetry.
I-eksisi ejikelezayo
I-eksisi ejikelezayo esethwe eduze kwe-x noma i-eksisi engu-y ingashintsha irutha ibe ilele ye-CNC. Ezinye zalezi zimbazo ezijikelezayo zimane ziyi-spindle ejikelezayo kuyilapho ezinye zikhonjwa okusho ukuthi zingasetshenziselwa ukuqopha izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ikhanda lomsiki elintantayo
Amakhanda okusika antantayo azogcina isisiki siku-h8 ethile ukusuka phezulu kwento esikwayo. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho usikwa izici endaweni engaphezulu yengxenye engase ingabonakali indawo elinganayo. Isibonelo salokhu ukusika i-v-groove phezulu kwetafula legumbi lokudlela.
Umsiki wePlasma
Izisiki ze-plasma ziyisengezo kweminye imishini futhi zivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asike izingxenye zensimbi zeshidi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Amathuluzi ahlanganisa
Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe angasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eminingi umsiki oqondile angakwazi ukuyenza.
OKUJWAYELEKILE KANYE NE-CNC MACHINING
Yini eyenza imishini ye-CNC iphakame kunezindlela ezijwayelekile? Ingabe iphakeme nhlobo? Ziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko? Uma i-CNC kanye nezinqubo zomshini ezivamile ziqhathaniswa, indlela evamile evamile yokwenza ingxenye izovela:
1. Thola futhi ufunde umdwebo
2. Khetha indlela efaneleke kakhulu yokwenza imishini
3. Nquma indlela yokusetha (ukubamba umsebenzi)
4. Khetha amathuluzi okusika
5. Sungula isivinini kanye nokuphakelayo
6. Umshini ingxenye
Indlela eyisisekelo iyafana kuzo zombili izinhlobo zemishini. Umehluko omkhulu usendleleni yokuthi idatha ehlukahlukene ifakwa kanjani. Izinga lokuphakelayo elingu-10 amayintshi ngomzuzu (10 in/min) liyafana kumanuwali
Noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-CNC, kodwa indlela yokuyisebenzisa ayikho. Okufanayo kungashiwo mayelana nokupholisa - kungenziwa kusebenze ngokuphendula i-knob, ukusunduza inkinobho noma ukuhlela ikhodi ekhethekile. Zonke lezi zenzo zizoholela ekuphumeni kwesipholisa ku-nozzle. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zemishini, inani elithile lolwazi ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi liyadingeka. Phela, ukusebenza kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi ukusika insimbi ngokuyinhloko kuyikhono, kodwa futhi, ngezinga elikhulu, kuwubuciko kanye nomsebenzi wenani elikhulu labantu. Kunjalo nokusetshenziswa kweComputerized Numerical Control. Njenganoma yiliphi ikhono noma ubuciko noma ubungcweti, ukukwazi ukuthola imininingwane yokugcina kuyadingeka ukuze uphumelele. Kudingeka okungaphezu kolwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuba umachini we-CNC noma umhleli we-CNC. Ulwazi lomsebenzi, umuzwa kanye nalokho ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi `umuzwa wamathumbu` kuyisengezo esidingeka kakhulu kunoma yiliphi ikhono.
Emishinini evamile, u-opharetha womshini usetha umshini futhi ahambise ithuluzi ngalinye lokusika, esebenzisa isandla esisodwa noma zombili, ukuze akhiqize ingxenye edingekayo. Idizayini yethuluzi lomshini owenziwe ngesandla inikeza izici eziningi ezisiza inqubo yokwenza ama-part-levers, izibambo, amagiya namadayeli, ukubala ezimbalwa nje. Ukunyakaza okufanayo komzimba kuphindaphindwa ngu-opharetha kuzo zonke izingxenye zenqwaba. Nokho, igama elithi `kufana` kulo mongo empeleni lisho `okufana` kunokuthi `kufanayo`. Abantu abakwazi ukuphinda yonke inqubo ngokufana ncamashi ngaso sonke isikhathi-lowo ngumsebenzi wemishini. Abantu abakwazi ukusebenza ezingeni elifanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kokuphumula. Sonke sinezikhathi ezinhle nezimbi. Imiphumela yalezi zikhathi, uma isetshenziswa ekwenzeni ingxenye, kunzima ukuyibikezela. Kuzoba khona umehluko nokungahambisani phakathi kweqoqo ngalinye lezingxenye. Izingxenye ngeke zihlale zifana ncamashi. Ukugcina ukubekezelelana kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi yokuqedwa kwendawo yizinkinga ezivame kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini evamile. Omashini abangabodwana bangase babe nozakwabo abakanye nabo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi nezinye izici kudala inani elikhulu lokungahambisani.
Imishini engaphansi kokulawulwa kwezinombolo iqeda ukungahambisani okuningi. Akudingi ukubandakanyeka komzimba okufanayo njengokusebenza kwemishini. Ngokwezinombolo
Ukwenza imishini elawulwayo akudingi noma yiziphi izinsimbi noma izinsimbi noma izibambo, okungenani hhayi ngomqondo ofanayo nowe-ma-chining ovamile. Uma uhlelo lwengxenye seluqinisekisiwe, lungasetshenziswa noma yiziphi izikhathi, lubuyisele njalo imiphumela engaguquki. Lokho akusho ukuthi azikho izici ezikhawulelayo. Amathuluzi okusika ayaguga, into engenalutho eqoqweni elilodwa ayifani nento engenalutho kwenye inqwaba, ukusetha kungahluka, njll. Lezi zinto ziyacatshangelwa futhi zinxeshezelwe, noma nini lapho kudingekile.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo akusho ukushabalala ngokushesha, noma ngisho isikhathi eside, kwayo yonke imishini eyenziwa ngesandla. Kunezikhathi lapho indlela yendabuko yokwenza imishini ithandeka kuneyekhompyutha. Isibonelo, umsebenzi olula ngesikhathi esisodwa ungenziwa ngokuphumelelayo emshinini wezandla kunomshini we-CNC. Izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi yokwenza imishini zizohlomula kumashini okwenziwa ngesandla noma we-semiautomatic, kunomshini olawulwa ngezinombolo. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC awahloselwe ukumiselela wonke umshini owenziwe ngesandla, kuphela ukuwengeza.
Ezimweni eziningi, isinqumo sokuthi umshini othile uzokwenziwa emshinini we-CNC noma cha sisekelwe enanini lezingxenye ezidingekayo hhayi okunye. Nakuba umthamo wezingxenye ezimshinini njengenqwaba uhlala usesimweni esibalulekile, akufanele kube yiyona nto kuphela.
Ukucatshangelwa kufanele futhi kunikezwe ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, ukubekezelelana kwayo, ikhwalithi edingekayo yokuphela kwendawo, njll. ngokuvamile, ingxenye eyodwa eyinkimbinkimbi izozuza ku-CNC machining, kuyilapho izingxenye ezingamashumi amahlanu ezilula ngeke.
Khumbula ukuthi ukulawula izinombolo akukaze kwenziwe ingxenye eyodwa ngokwayo. Ukulawula izinombolo kuyinqubo kuphela noma indlela eyenza ithuluzi lomshini lisetshenziswe ngendlela ekhiqizayo, enembile futhi engaguquki.
IZINZUZO ZOKULAWULA IZIBALO
Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokulawula izinombolo?
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zomshini ozozuza kuzo futhi yiziphi ezenziwa kangcono ngendlela evamile. Kuwubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi isigayo samandla amahhashi angu-2 se-CNC sizowina imisebenzi okwamanje eyenziwa emshinini wokugaywa onamandla ophindwe kamashumi amabili. Okungenangqondo ngokulinganayo okulindelekile kwentuthuko enkulu ekunciphiseni isivinini kanye nama-feedrates ngomshini ovamile. Uma izimo zomshini nezokusebenza zifana, isikhathi sokusika sizobe siseduze kakhulu kuzo zombili izimo.
Ezinye zezindawo ezinkulu lapho umsebenzisi we-CNC angakwazi futhi okufanele alindele khona ukuthuthukiswa:
1. Setha isikhathi sokunciphisa
2. Ukuncishiswa kwesikhathi sokuhola
3. Ukunemba nokuphindaphinda
4. Ukwakheka kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi
5. Amathuluzi alula nokubamba umsebenzi
6. Isikhathi sokusika esingaguquki
7. Ukukhiqiza okujwayelekile kuyakhula
Indawo ngayinye inikeza ukuthuthukiswa okungase kube khona. Abasebenzisi ngabanye bazobhekana namazinga ahlukene okuthuthukiswa kwangempela, kuye ngomkhiqizo owenziwe endaweni, umshini we-CNC osetshenzisiwe, izindlela zokusetha, ubunzima bokulungisa, ikhwalithi yamathuluzi okusika, ifilosofi yokuphatha kanye nomklamo wobunjiniyela, izinga lesipiliyoni sabasebenzi, izimo zengqondo zabantu ngabanye, njll.
Setha Isikhathi Sokuncishiswa
Ezimweni eziningi, isikhathi sokusetha somshini we-CNC singancishiswa, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela ephawulekayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetha kuwukusebenza okwenziwa ngesandla, kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni komsebenzisi we-CNC, uhlobo lokulungiswa kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zesitolo semishini. Isikhathi sokusetha asikhiqizi, kodwa siyadingeka - siyingxenye yezindleko eziphezulu zokwenza ibhizinisi. Ukugcina isikhathi sokusetha sibe sincane kufanele kube okunye okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko kwanoma yimuphi umqondisi wesitolo somshini, umhleli kanye no-opharetha.
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwemishini ye-CNC, isikhathi sokusetha akufanele sibe inkinga enkulu. Ukulungiswa kwe-modular, ithuluzi elijwayelekile, izitholi ezigxilile, ukuguqulwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, amaphalethi nezinye izici ezithuthukisiwe, kwenza isikhathi sokusetha sisebenze kahle kunokusetha okuqhathanisekayo komshini ovamile. Ngolwazi oluhle lokukhiqiza kwesimanje, ukukhiqiza kungandiswa kakhulu.
Inani lezingxenye ezifakwe ngomshini ngaphansi kokusetha okukodwa nalo libalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe izindleko zesikhathi sokusetha. Uma inani elikhulu lezingxenye zenziwa ngomshini ekusetheni okukodwa, izindleko zokusetha ingxenye ngayinye zingaba zingasho lutho. Ukunciphisa okufanayo kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana eyahlukene ibe isethaphu eyodwa. Ngisho noma isikhathi sokusetha siside, singathethelelwa uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi esidingekayo ukusetha imishini eminingana evamile.
Ukunciphisa Isikhathi Sokuhola
Uma uhlelo lwengxenye selubhaliwe futhi lwafakazelwa, lulungele ukusetshenziswa futhi esikhathini esizayo, ngisho nangesaziso esifushane. Nakuba isikhathi sokuhola sokugijima koku-1 ngokuvamile siba side, cishe asisekho kunoma yikuphi ukugijima okulandelayo. Noma ngabe ukuguqulwa kobunjiniyela bomklamo wengxenye kudinga ukuthi uhlelo lulungiswe, lungenziwa ngokuvamile ngokushesha, kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuhola.
Isikhathi eside sokuhola, esidingekayo ukuze uklame futhi wenze izinto ezimbalwa ezikhethekile zemishini evamile, ngokuvamile zingancishiswa ngokulungiselela uhlelo lwengxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa okulula.
Ukunemba Nokuphindaphinda
Izinga eliphezulu lokunemba nokuphindaphinda kwemishini yesimanje ye-CNC kube yinzuzo eyodwa enkulu kubasebenzisi abaningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lwengxenye lugcinwa kudiski noma kumemori yekhompiyutha, noma ngisho nakutheyiphu (indlela yokuqala), luhlala lufana. Noma yiluphi uhlelo lungashintshwa ngokuthanda kwakho, kodwa uma seluqinisekisiwe, azikho izinguquko ezidingekayo. Uhlelo olunikeziwe lungasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi ezidingekayo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nedatha eyodwa oluqukethe. Yiqiniso, uhlelo kufanele lulandele izici eziguqukayo ezifana nokuguga kwamathuluzi namazinga okushisa okusebenza, kufanele ligcinwe ngokuphepha, kodwa ngokuvamile ukuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu okuvela kumklami wohlelo lwe-CNC noma opharetha kuzodingeka, ukunemba okuphezulu kwemishini ye-CNC nokuphindaphinda kwayo kuvumela izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuthi zikhiqizwe ngokungaguquki isikhathi nesikhathi.
I-Contouring ye-Complex Shapes
I-CNC lathes kanye nezikhungo zemishini ziyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomumo. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-CNC bathole imishini yabo kuphela ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo ezinhle izicelo ze-CNC ezimbonini zezindiza nezezimoto. Ukusetshenziswa kolunye uhlobo lohlelo lwekhompuyutha kuyimpoqo kunoma iyiphi indlela yokwenziwa kwamathuluzi angu-3.
Izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana nezibungu, zingenziwa ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe zokwenza imodeli yokulandela umkhondo. Izingxenye ezifakwe esibukweni zingafinyelelwa ngokoqobo ekushintsheni kwenkinobho, izifanekiso, amamodeli okhuni, namanye amathuluzi okwenza iphethini.
Amathuluzi Alula kanye nokubamba umsebenzi
Awekho amathuluzi ajwayelekile futhi azenzela ahlanganisa amabhentshi namadrowa eduze komshini ojwayelekile angaqedwa ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ajwayelekile, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula izinombolo. Amathuluzi anezinyathelo eziningi anjengokuprakthiza komshayeli, ama-step drill, amathuluzi enhlanganisela, ama-counter borer namanye athathelwa indawo amathuluzi amaningana ajwayelekile. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwashintsha kunamathuluzi akhethekile nangajwayelekile. Izinyathelo zokunciphisa izindleko ziphoqelele abahlinzeki bamathuluzi abaningi ukuthi bagcine iphansi noma ingekho. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile, angekho eshalofini ngokuvamile angatholwa ngokushesha kunokusebenzisa okungajwayelekile.
Ukulungisa kanye nokubamba umsebenzi kwemishini ye-CNC kunenhloso eyodwa kuphela enkulu - ukubamba ingxenye ngokuqinile futhi isesimweni esifanayo kuzo zonke izingxenye ngaphakathi kweqoqo. Ukulungiswa okuklanyelwe umsebenzi we-CNC ngokuvamile akudingi ama-jigs, izimbobo zokuhlola nezinye izinsiza zokuthola imbobo.
Isikhathi Sokusika Nokukhiqiza Kuyanda
Isikhathi sokusika emshinini we-CNC saziwa kakhulu njengesikhathi somjikelezo futhi sihlala singaguquguquki. Ngokungafani nomshini ovamile, lapho ikhono lomsebenzisi, ulwazi kanye nokukhathala komuntu siqu kungaphansi kwezinguquko, umshini we-CNC ungaphansi kokulawulwa yikhompyutha. Inani elincane lomsebenzi wezandla likhawulelwe ekusetheni nasekulayisheni nasekuthululeni ingxenye. Ngokugijima kwe-batch enkulu, izindleko eziphezulu zesikhathi esingakhiqizi zisakazwa phakathi kwezingxenye eziningi, okwenza kungabizi kangako. Inzuzo eyinhloko yesikhathi sokusika esingaguquki eyemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, lapho ukuhlela ukukhiqiza kanye nokwabiwa komsebenzi kumathuluzi omshini ngamunye kungenziwa ngokunembe kakhulu.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi izinkampani zivame ukuthenga imishini ye-CNC kungokomnotho - kuwukutshala imali okungathi sína. Futhi, ukuba nomphetho wokuncintisana kuhlala kusengqondweni yawo wonke umphathi wezitshalo. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo bunikeza izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufeza intuthuko enkulu ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo kanye nokwandisa ikhwalithi iyonke yezingxenye ezikhiqiziwe. Njengazo zonke izindlela, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhlakanipha nangolwazi. Lapho izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CNC, ukuba nomshini we-CNC akusanikezeli onqenqemeni olwengeziwe. Izinkampani eziya phambili yilezo ezikwaziyo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngendlela efanele nokuzijwayeza ukuze zikwazi ukuncintisana emnothweni womhlaba.
Ukuze ufinyelele umgomo wokwanda okukhulu kokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukuthi abasebenzisi baqonde izimiso ezibalulekile lapho ubuchwepheshe be-CNC busekelwe khona. Lezi zimiso zithatha izinhlobo eziningi, isibonelo, ukuqonda ukujikeleza kwe-elekthronikhi, imidwebo yezitebhisi eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-computer logic, i-metrology, idizayini yomshini, izimiso nezinqubo zemishini nokunye okuningi. Ngamunye kufanele afundwe futhi aphathwe kahle ngumuntu ophethe. Kule ncwajana, kugcizelelwa ezihlokweni eziphathelene ngqo nohlelo lwe-CNC kanye nokuqonda amathuluzi omshini we-CNC ajwayelekile, izikhungo zomshini kanye nezintambo (ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa nangokuthi izikhungo zokujika). Ukucatshangelwa kwekhwalithi yengxenye kufanele kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abahleli bohlelo naku-opharetha wethuluzi lomshini futhi lo mgomo ubuye ubonakale endleleni yebhukwana kanye nasezibonelweni eziningi.
IZINHLOBO ZAMATHULUSI OMSHINE WE-CNC
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-CNC zimboza izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Amanani abo akhula ngokushesha, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuqhubeka. Akunakwenzeka ukukhomba zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza; babezokwenza uhlu olude. Nalu uhlu olufushane lwamanye amaqembu imishini ye-CNC engaba yingxenye yawo:
1. Izigayo kanye nezikhungo machining
2. Lathes kanye turning izikhungo
3. Imishini yokumba
4. Izigayo eziyisicefe kanye namaphrofayili
5. Imishini ye-EDM
6. Punch press and shears
7. Imishini yokusika amalangabi
8. Amarutha
9. Ijethi yamanzi kanye namaphrofayili we-laser
10. Ama-cylindrical grinders
11. Imishini yokushisela
12. Ama-Bender, imishini yokusonta nokuphotha, njll.
Izikhungo zokwenza imishini ye-CNC kanye nezintambo zibusa inani lokufakwa embonini. Lawa maqembu ama-2 abelana ngemakethe cishe ngokulinganayo. Ezinye izimboni zingase zinikeze isidingo esiphezulu seqembu elilodwa lemishini, kuye ngezidingo zabo. Umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezintambo kanye nezinhlobo eziningi ngokulinganayo zezikhungo zokutshiza ama-ma-chining. Nokho, inqubo yokuhlela yomshini omile iyafana naleyo yomshini ovundlile noma umshini wokugaya we-CNC olula. Ngisho naphakathi kwamaqembu ama-ma-chine ahlukene, kunenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile futhi inqubo yokuhlela ngokuvamile iyafana Isibonelo, i-contour egaywe ngomshini wokuphela inokuningi okufanayo nokusikwa kwekhonta ngentambo.
Izigayo kanye Izikhungo Machining
Inombolo evamile yezimbazo emshinini wokugaya izimbazo ezingu-3-the X, Y kanye no-Z. Ingxenye ebekwe ohlelweni lokugaya ithuluzi lokusika i-al-cutting lizungeza, lingakwazi ukuhamba liye phezulu liye phansi (noma lingene liphume), kodwa aliyilandeli indlela yamathuluzi ngokomzimba.
Izigayo ze-CNC ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi imishini yokugaya i-CNC ngokuvamile ziyimishini emincane, elula, engenawo umshini wokushintsha ithuluzi noma ezinye izici ezizenzakalelayo. Isilinganiso samandla abo ngokuvamile siphansi kakhulu. Embonini, asetshenziswa umsebenzi wegumbi lamathuluzi, izinjongo zokunakekela, noma ukukhiqizwa kwengxenye encane. Ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukwakheka, ngokungafani nezinsimbi ze-CNC.
Izikhungo zemishini ye-CNC zidume kakhulu futhi zisebenza kahle ukuthi izinsimbi kanye nezigayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo. Umsebenzisi oyinhloko wenzuzo ephuma esikhungweni semishini ye-CNC yikhono lokuqoqa
imisebenzi eminingi eyahlukene ibe isethaphu eyodwa. Isibonelo, ukubhola, ukubhoreka, ukuphikisa, ukucofa, ukubhekela indawo kanye nokugaya i-contour kungafakwa ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-CNC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kuthuthukiswa ngokushintsha kwethuluzi elizenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa ama-pallets ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungenzi lutho, ukukhomba ohlangothini oluhlukile lwengxenye, kusetshenziswa ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwezimbazo ezengeziwe, kanye nenani lezinye izici, izikhungo zemishini ye-CNC zingahlonyiswa ngesofthiwe ekhethekile elawula isivinini kanye nokuphakelayo, impilo yethuluzi lokusika, ukulungisa okuzenzakalelayo kokusetha kanye nokulinganisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Kunemiklamo emi-2 eyisisekelo yesikhungo somshini we-CNC esijwayelekile. Kukhona izikhungo zemishini eziqondile nezivundlile. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezi-2 uhlobo lomsebenzi ongenziwa kuzo ngempumelelo. Esikhungweni semishini ye-CNC esime mpo, uhlobo lomsebenzi olufaneleka kakhulu izingxenye eziyisicaba, ezibekwe phezu kwetafula, noma usizo ku-vise noma i-chuck. Umsebenzi odinga ukwenziwa komshini ebusweni obu-2 noma ngaphezulu ekusetheni okukodwa ufiseleka kakhulu ukuba wenziwe esikhungweni semishini esivundlile se-CNC. Isibonelo esihle yindlu yokupompa nezinye izimo ezifana ne-cubic. Okunye ukwenziwa kobuso obuningi bezingxenye ezincane nakho kungenziwa esikhungweni semishini esime mpo se-CNC esifakwe itafula elijikelezayo.
Inqubo yokuhlela iyafana kuyo yomibili imiklamo, kodwa i-eksisi eyengeziwe (imvamisa i-axis engu-B) yengezwa ekwakhiweni okuvundlile. Le eksisi kungaba i-eksisi yokuma elula (i-axis ekhombayo) yethebula, noma i-eksisi ejikelezayo ngokugcwele yokukhonta ngasikhathi sinye.
Le ncwajana igxile kakhulu kuzicelo zezikhungo zemishini eziqondile ze-CNC, ezinesigaba esikhethekile esibhekene nokusetha okuvundlile kanye nokwenza imishini. Izindlela zokuhlela ziyasebenza nasezimbonini ezincane ze-CNC noma emishinini yokubhoboza kanye/noma yokuthinta, kodwa umhleli kufanele avume imikhawulo yazo.
Lathes kanye Turning Centers
I-CNC lathe ngokuvamile iyithuluzi lomshini elinama-eksisi angu-2, i-eksisi eqondile engu-X kanye ne-eksisi engu-Z evundlile. Ikusasa eliyinhloko le-lathe eliyihlukanisa nesigayo ukuthi ingxenye ijikeleza ngomugqa ophakathi nendawo womshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi lokusika livamise ukuma, lifakwe ku-sliding turret. Ithuluzi lokusika lilandela i-contour yendlela yamathuluzi ehleliwe. Kulathe we-CNC onokunamathiselwe kokugaya, okubizwa ngokuthi i-live tooling, ithuluzi lokugaya linenjini yalo futhi liyazungeza ngenkathi i-spindle imile.
Umklamo wesimanje we-lathe ungaba ovundlile noma uqonde. Uhlobo oluvundlile luvame kakhulu kunohlobo olume mpo, kodwa yomibili imiklamo ikhona kunoma yiliphi iqembu. Isibonelo, i-lathe ye-CNC evamile yeqembu elivundlile ingaklanywa ngombhede oyisicaba noma umbhede oqondile, njengohlobo lwebha, uhlobo lwe-chucker noma uhlobo lwendawo yonke. Kwengezwe kulezi zinhlanganisela noma izesekeli eziningi ezenza i-CNC lathe iyithuluzi lomshini elivumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele. Ngokuvamile, izesekeli ezifana ne-tailstock, ukuphumula okuqinile noma ukuphumula okulandelwayo, izingxenye zokubamba, iminwe yokudonsa kanye nokunamathiselwe kwe-axis yesi-3 yokugaya izingxenye ezidumile ze-CNC lathe. Ilathe ye-CNC ingaba nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu eqinisweni, kangangokuthi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-CNC turning centre. Zonke izibonelo zombhalo nohlelo ezikule ncwajana zisebenzisa igama elivamile elithi CNC lathe, nokho isaqaphela yonke imisebenzi yayo yesimanje.
ABASEBENZI BE-CNC
Amakhompyutha namathuluzi emishini awanabo ubuhlakani. Abakwazi ukucabanga, abakwazi ukuhlola isiteshi ngendlela ephusile. Abantu abanamakhono athile kuphela abangakwazi ukwenza lokho. Emkhakheni wokulawula izinombolo, amakhono ngokuvamile asezandleni zabantu ababalulekile abangu-2 omunye owenza uhlelo, omunye owenza imishini. Izinombolo zabo kanye nemisebenzi yabo ngokwejwayelekile incike kulokho okuthandwa yinkampani, usayizi wayo, kanye nomkhiqizo okhiqizwa lapho. Nokho, isikhundla ngasinye sihluke kakhulu, nakuba izinkampani eziningi zihlanganisa imisebenzi emi-2 ibe yinto eyodwa, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umklami/opharetha we-CNC.
I-CNC Programmer
Umhleli we-CNC uvamise ukuba ngumuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu esitolo semishini ye-CNC. Lo muntu uvame ukuba nesibopho sokuphumelela kobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo esitshalweni. Ngokulinganayo lo muntu unecala ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokusebenza kwe-CNC.
Nakuba imisebenzi ingahluka, umklami ubuye abe nesibopho semisebenzi eyahlukene ehlobene nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemishini ye-CNC. Eqinisweni, lo muntu uvame ukuphendula ngokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yayo yonke imisebenzi ye-CNC.
Abaningi abahleli bezinhlelo ze-CNC bangochwepheshe bemishini abanolwazi, abaye baba nolwazi olungokoqobo, olusebenza ngezandla njengokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini abakwaziyo ukufunda imidwebo yobuchwepheshe futhi bangakwazi ukuqonda inhloso yobunjiniyela ngemuva komklamo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kuyisisekelo sekhono 'lomshini' wengxenye endaweni yehhovisi. Umhleli omuhle we-CNC kufanele akwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo konke ukunyakaza kwamathuluzi futhi abone wonke amafekthri akhawulela okungenzeka ahilelekile. Umenzi wohlelo kumele akwazi ukuqoqa, ahlaziye inqubo futhi ahlanganise ngokunengqondo yonke idatha eqoqiwe ibe isignali, uhlelo oluhlangene. Ngamagama alula, umhleli we-CNC kufanele akwazi ukunquma ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokukhiqiza ngazo zonke izindlela.
Ngaphezu kwamakhono okwenza imishini, umhleli we-CNC kufanele abe nokuqonda kwezimiso zezibalo, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo, izixazululo zama-arcs nama-engeli. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ulwazi lwetrigonometry. Noma kunohlelo lwekhompuyutha, ulwazi lwezindlela zokuhlela lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni okuphumayo kwekhompyutha nokulawula lokhu okukhiphayo.
Ikhwalithi yokugcina ebalulekile yomklami wezinhlelo ze-CNC oyingcweti ikhono lakhe lokulalela abanye abantu - onjiniyela, o-opharetha be-CNC, abaphathi. Amakhono amahle okufakwa ohlwini ayizimfuneko zokuqala ukuze ube nezimo. Umhleli omuhle we-CNC kufanele avumelane nezimo ukuze anikeze ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuhlela.
I-CNC Machine Operator
Umsebenzisi wethuluzi lomshini we-CNC uyindawo ehambisanayo nomklami we-CNC. Umhleli kanye nomsebenzisi bangase babe khona kumuntu oyedwa, njengoba kwenzeka ezitolo eziningi ezincane. Nakuba iningi lemisebenzi eyenziwa u-opharetha womshini ojwayelekile idluliselwe kuhlelo lwe-CNC, umqhubi we-CNC unezibopho eziningi ezihlukile. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, u-opharetha unesibopho ngethuluzi nokusethwa komshini, ngokushintsha izingxenye, ngokuvamile ngisho nasekuhloleni okuthile okungaphakathi kwenqubo. Izinkampani eziningi zilindele ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi emshinini - futhi u-opharetha wanoma iliphi ithuluzi lomshini, elenziwa ngesandla noma elenziwe ngekhompyutha, naye unesibopho ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi owenziwe kulowo mshini. Omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzisi womshini we-CNC ukubika okutholakele mayelana nohlelo ngalunye kumhleli. Ngisho nolwazi olungcono kakhulu, amakhono, izimo zengqondo kanye nezinhloso, uhlelo "lokugcina" lungahlala luthuthukiswa. Umsebenzisi we-CNC okunguyena, osondele kakhulu kumashini wangempela, wazi kahle ukuthi lokho kuthuthukiswa kungaba kangakanani.
Ukuqinisekisa Izindleko ze-CNC
Izindleko zomshini we-CNC zingenza abakhiqizi abaningi bethuke kodwa izinzuzo zokuba nerutha ye-CNC cishe zizothethelela izindleko ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu.
Izindleko zoku-1 okufanele zicatshangelwe yizindleko zomshini. Abanye abathengisi banikeza amadili ahlanganisiwe afaka ukufakwa, ukuqeqeshwa kwesoftware kanye nezindleko zokuthumela. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, yonke into ithengiswa ngokwehlukana ukuvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwerutha ye-CNC.
Umsebenzi okhanyayo
Imishini esezingeni eliphansi ibiza kusuka $2,000 kube $10,000. ngokuvamile ama-bolt-it ngokwakho amakhithi enziwe ngeshidi eligobile lensimbi futhi asebenzisa ama-stepper motors. Bafika nevidiyo yokuqeqesha kanye nencwadi yeziqondiso. Le mishini yenzelwe ukuzenzela wena, imboni yezimpawu kanye neminye imisebenzi elula kakhulu. ngokuvamile bazoza ne-adaptha yerutha ye-plunge evamile. izesekeli ezifana ne-spindle kanye nokubamba umsebenzi we-vacuum yizinketho. Le mishini ingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo kakhulu endaweni yokukhiqiza ephezulu njengenqubo ezinikele noma njengengxenye yeseli yokukhiqiza. isibonelo, enye yalezi CNC ingahlelwa ukuthi ibhoboze i-hardware yehadiwe emaphethelweni ekhabethe ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa.
Umsebenzi ophakathi
Imishini ye-CNC ephakathi nendawo izobiza phakathi $10,000 futhi $100,000. le mishini yakhiwe ngensimbi ye-gauge esindayo noma nge-aluminium. Bangase basebenzise ama-stepper motors futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-servos; futhi usebenzise amadrayivu ama-rack kanye nama-pinion noma ama-belt drive. bazoba nesilawuli esihlukile futhi banikeze uhla oluhle lwezinketho ezifana nezishintshi zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo namatafula we-vacuum plenum. le mishini yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi osindayo embonini yezimpawu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokucubungula amaphaneli akhanyayo.
Lezi inketho enhle yokuqalisa abanezinsiza ezilinganiselwe noma abasebenzi. Bangenza imisebenzi eminingi edingekayo ekwenziweni kwekhabhinethi nakuba kungenjalo ngezinga elifanayo lobuchwephesha noma ngokusebenza kahle okufanayo.
Amandla ezimboni
Amarutha asezingeni eliphezulu abiza phezulu $100,000. Lokhu kuhlanganisa lonke uhla lwemishini enezimbazo ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5 ezilungele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. le mishini izokwakhiwa ngensimbi ye-gauge esindayo eshiselwe futhi ifike igcwele ngokugcwele isishintshi samathuluzi esizenzakalelayo, itafula le-vacuum nezinye izesekeli kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. le mishini ivamise ukufakwa ngumkhiqizi futhi ukuqeqeshwa kuvame ukufakwa.
Shipping
Ukuthutha irutha ye-CNC kunezindleko ezinkulu. Ngamarutha anesisindo sanoma yikuphi ukusuka kumaphawundi angamakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumathani amaningana, izindleko ze-fr8 zingasukela $2I-00 kuya $5,000 noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngendawo. khumbula ukuthi ngaphandle uma umshini wakhiwe eduze, izindleko ezifihliwe zokuwususa usuka e-europe noma e-asia uyiswe endaweni yombukiso yomthengisi cishe zifakiwe. izindleko ezengeziwe zingase zenzeke ukuze nje umshini ungene ngaphakathi uma usulethiwe njengoba kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ama-rigger angochwepheshe ukubhekana nalolu hlobo lokusebenza.
Ukufakwa nokuqeqeshwa
Abathengisi be-CNC ngokuvamile bakhokhisa kusuka $3I-00 kuya $1,000 ngosuku ngezindleko zokufaka. Kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka kuhhafu wosuku ukuya evikini eligcwele ukufaka nokuhlola irutha. Lezi zindleko zingafakwa enanini lokuthenga umshini. abanye abathengisi bazohlinzeka ngoqeqesho lwamahhala lokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ihadiwe nesoftware, ngokuvamile esendaweni, kuyilapho abanye bezokhokhisa $3I-00 kuya $1,000 ngosuku kule nkonzo.
UKUPHEPHA OKUPHATHELENE NOMSEBENZI WE-CNC
Olunye udonga lwezinkampani eziningi iphosta yezokuphepha enomyalezo olula, kodwa onamandla:
Umthetho wokuqala wokuphepha ukulandela yonke imithetho yokuphepha.
Isihloko salesi sigaba asibonisi ukuthi ukuphepha kuqondiswe kuhlelo noma ileveli yomshini. Isizini ukuthi ukuphepha kuzimele ngokuphelele. Iyazimela futhi ilawula ukuziphatha kwawo wonke umuntu esitolo semishini nangaphandle kwaso. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuphepha kuyinto ehlobene nomsebenzi womshini kanye nokusebenza komshini, mhlawumbe nasekusetheni. Lokho kuyiqiniso impela kodwa akwethusi isithombe esiphelele.
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlelweni, ekusetheni, ekwenzeni imishini, ekwenzeni amathuluzi, ekulungiseni, ekuhloleni, ekuchopheni, nasekuyiqambeni igama layo ngaphakathi kwesitolo semishini somsebenzi wansuku zonke. Ukuphepha akusoze kwagcizelelwa ngokweqile. Izinkampani zikhuluma ngokuphepha, ziqhuba umhlangano wezokuphepha, ziveze amaphosta, zenze izinkulumo, shayela ochwepheshe. Le nqwaba yolwazi nemiyalelo yethulwa kithi sonke ngezizathu ezinhle kakhulu. Imbalwa impela iphasiswa ezehlakalweni ezibuhlungu ezedlule - imithetho eminingi, imithetho kanye neziqondiso zibhaliwe ngenxa yophenyo kanye nokubuza ngengozi embi kakhulu.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kungase kubonakale sengathi emsebenzini we-CNC, ukuphepha kuyinkinga yesibili. Kuningi okuzenzakalelayo; ingxenye yohlelo olusebenza ngokuphindaphindiwe, ithuluzi elike lasetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, ukusetha okulula, njll. Konke lokhu kungaholela ekuzitheleleni nasekucabangeni okungamanga kokuthi ukuphepha kuyanakekelwa. Lona umbono ongaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ukuphepha kuyisihloko esikhulu kodwa amaphuzu ambalwa ahlobene nomsebenzi we-CNC abalulekile. Wonke ama-machinist kufanele azi izingozi zemishini kagesi. Isinyathelo sokuqala esibheke endaweni yokusebenzela ephephile sinendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile, lapho kungekho khona ama-chips, ukuchithwa kukawoyela nezinye izinsalela ezivunyelwe ukunqwabelana phansi. Ukunakekela ukuphepha komuntu siqu kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Izimpahla ezixegayo, ubucwebe, othayi, izikhafu, izinwele ezinde ezingavikelekile, ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwamagilavu nokuphulwa okufanayo, kuyingozi endaweni yomshini. Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, izindlebe, izandla nezinyawo kunconywa kakhulu.
Ngenkathi umshini usebenza, izinto zokuvikela kufanele zibe endaweni futhi azikho izingxenye ezinyakazayo okufanele zivezwe. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ngokuzungeze ama-spindle ajikelezayo kanye nezishintshi zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo. Ezinye izinto ezingase zibe yingozi izishintshi zephalethi, ama-chip conveyor, izindawo ezinamandla kagesi, ama-hoists, njll. ukunqamula noma yiziphi izixhumo noma ezinye izici zokuphepha kuyizingozi - futhi akukho emthethweni, ngaphandle kwamakhono afanelekile nokugunyazwa.
Ekuhlelweni, ukubhekwa kwemithetho yokuphepha nakho kubalulekile. Ukunyakaza kwethuluzi kungahlelwa ngezindlela eziningi. Isivinini nokuphakelayo kufanele kube okungokoqobo, hhayi nje "okulungile" ngokwezibalo. Ukujula kokusikwa, ububanzi bokusikwa, izici zamathuluzi, konke kunomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni kukonke.
Yonke le mibono iwuhlobo olufushane kakhulu futhi iyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuphepha kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina.
