Imithetho Yokukhetha Amathuluzi Omshini we-CNC
Impilo yamathuluzi ihlobene eduze nokusika ivolumu. Lapho wenza amapharamitha okusika, ukuphila kwamathuluzi okunengqondo kufanele kukhethwe kuqala, futhi ukuphila kwamathuluzi okunengqondo kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngomgomo wokuthuthukisa. Ngokujwayelekile ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2: impilo yethuluzi eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nempilo yamathuluzi ebiza kancane. Olokuqala lunqunywa ngokuvumelana nomgomo wamahora okusebenza amancane ocezu olulodwa, futhi okugcina kunqunywa ngokuvumelana nomgomo wezindleko zenqubo eziphansi kakhulu.
Amaphuzu alandelayo angacatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa impilo yamathuluzi ngokuya ngobunkimbinkimbi bethuluzi, izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokulola. Impilo yamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi anembe kakhulu kufanele ibe phezulu kunaleyo yamathuluzi anonqenqema olulodwa. Ngamathuluzi anezinkomba eziboshwe ngomshini, ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokushintsha ithuluzi, ukuze unikeze ukudlala okugcwele ekusebenzeni kwayo kokusika futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, impilo yamathuluzi ingakhethwa ukuthi ibe ngaphansi, ngokuvamile i-15-30min. Ngamathuluzi emishini enamathuluzi amaningi, amathuluzi omshini wemodular namathuluzi okwenza imishini azenzakalelayo lapho ukufakwa kwamathuluzi, ukuguqulwa kwamathuluzi nokulungiswa kwamathuluzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, impilo yamathuluzi kufanele ibe phezulu, futhi ukwethembeka kwethuluzi kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Uma ukukhiqiza kwenqubo ethile ku-workshop kunciphisa ukwanda kokukhiqiza kwe-workshop yonke, impilo yamathuluzi yenqubo kufanele ikhethwe ibe phansi. Uma izindleko zesitshalo sonke ngesikhathi seyunithi yenqubo ethile zinkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, impilo yamathuluzi kufanele futhi ikhethwe Phansi. Lapho uqeda izingxenye ezinkulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okungenani ukudlula okukodwa kuqediwe futhi ugweme ukushintsha ithuluzi phakathi kokusika, impilo yamathuluzi kufanele inqunywe ngokuvumelana nokunemba kwengxenye kanye nobukhulu obungaphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokucubungula ithuluzi lomshini, Ukufakwa kwe-CNC ibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kumathuluzi okusika. Akudingi nje kuphela ikhwalithi enhle, ukunemba okuphezulu, kodwa futhi kudinga ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ukuqina okuphezulu, nokufakwa kalula nokulungiswa. Hlangana nezidingo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Amathuluzi akhethiwe kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto zamathuluzi ezifanele ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu (njengensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, i-ultra-fine-grained carbide) kanye nokusebenzisa okufakwayo okunenkomba.
Amathuluzi Omshini we-CNC Wokuguqula
Amathuluzi okuguqula i-CNC asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezi-3: amathuluzi okuguqula akhiwe, amathuluzi okujika acijile, amathuluzi okuguqula i-arc kanye nezinhlobo ezi-3. Amathuluzi okuguqula okwakha abizwa nangokuthi amathuluzi okuguqula i-prototype. Ukuma kwe-contour yezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe kunqunywa ngokuphelele ukuma nobukhulu be-blade yamathuluzi aphendukayo. Ekucubunguleni i-CNC, amathuluzi okuguqula ajwayelekile ahlanganisa amathuluzi okujika erediyasi encane, amathuluzi okujika angewona awonxande namathuluzi entambo. Emashini ye-CNC, ithuluzi lokuphendula kufanele lisetshenziswe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka noma cha. Ithuluzi lokuguqula elikhonjiwe liyithuluzi lokuguqula elibonakala ngokusika okuqondile. Ithuluzi lethuluzi lalolu hlobo lwethuluzi lokuguqula liqukethe imiphetho yokusika eyinhloko kanye neyesibili, njengamathuluzi okuguqula angaphakathi nangaphandle angu-900, amathuluzi okuguqula ubuso besokunxele nakwesokudla, amathuluzi okuguqula ama-grooving (ukusika), kanye nemiphetho ehlukahlukene yokusika yangaphandle neyangaphakathi enamacebiso amancane amathuluzi. Ithuluzi lokuvula imbobo. Indlela yokukhetha yemingcele yejometri yethuluzi elicijile elicijile (ikakhulukazi i-engeli yejometri) ngokuyisisekelo iyafana neyokujika okuvamile, kodwa izici zomshini we-CNC (njengomzila womshini, ukuphazamiseka kwemishini, njll.) kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele, futhi ithiphu yethuluzi ngokwayo kufanele icatshangelwe. amandla.
Eyesi-2 iyithuluzi lokujika elimise okwe-arc. Ithuluzi lokujika elimise okwe-arc liyithuluzi elijikayo elibonakala ngonqenqema lokusika olumise okwe-arc olunomjikelezo omncane noma iphutha lephrofayela yomugqa. Iphuzu ngalinye lonqenqema lwe-arc lwethuluzi lokujika liyiphuzu lethuluzi lokujika elimise okwe-arc. Ngakho-ke, iphoyinti lokumisa ithuluzi alikho ku-arc, kodwa maphakathi ne-arc. Ithuluzi elijikayo elimise okwe-arc lingasetshenziselwa ukuguqula izindawo zangaphakathi nezingaphandle, futhi lifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuguqula ukuxhumeka okuhlukahlukene okubushelelezi (i-concave) ukwakha izindawo. Uma ukhetha i-arc radius yethuluzi lokujika, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi i-arc radius yonqenqema lokusika lwethuluzi lokujika lamaphoyinti angu-2 kufanele ibe ngaphansi noma ilingane nerediyasi encane yokugoba ku-concave yengxenye, ukuze ugweme ukucubungula ukoma. Irediyasi akufanele ibe mncane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nzima nje ukuyikhiqiza, Ithuluzi lokuguqula lingase lonakaliswe ngenxa yamandla ephuzu elibuthakathaka noma umthamo ompofu wokushisa wokushisa womzimba wamathuluzi.
Amathuluzi Omshini we-CNC Wokugaya
Emishinini ye-CNC, izigayo eziphansi eziphansi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugaya amakhonco angaphakathi nangaphandle ezingxenye zendiza kanye nendiza yokugaya. Idatha yobufakazi yemingcele efanelekile yethuluzi ingokulandelayo: Okokuqala, irediyasi yesisiki sokugaya i-RD kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwerediyasi encane ye-curvature Rmin yendawo engaphakathi yekhonta yengxenye, ngokuvamile i-RD= (0.8-0.9) Rmin. Eyesibili iwukucubungula u-h2 wengxenye H< (1/4-1/6) RD ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ummese unokuqina okwanele. Okwesithathu, lapho kugaywa phansi inkatho engaphakathi ngesigayo sokuphela esiphansi esiphansi, ngenxa yokuthi amaphasi angu-2 enkaba ephansi adinga ukwedlula, futhi irediyasi yonqenqema olungezansi lwethuluzi ithi Re=Rr, okungukuthi, ububanzi bungu-d=2Re=2(Rr). Thatha irediyasi yethuluzi njenge-Re=0.95 (Rr). Ukuze kucutshungulwe amanye amaphrofayili anezinhlangothi ezi-3 namakhonsana anama-engeli e-bevel aguquguqukayo, izisiki zokugaya eziyindilinga, izisiki zokugaya indandatho, izisiki zokugaya izigubhu, izisiki zokugaya ezinama-tapered kanye nabasiki be-disc milling zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Iningi lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC asebenzisa amathuluzi e-serialized najwayelekile. Kubaphathi bamathuluzi nezinhloko zamathuluzi njengamathuluzi okujika angaphandle aboshwe ngomshini namathuluzi okuguqula ubuso, kunamazinga kazwelonke namamodeli ahleliwe. Ezikhungweni zemishini kanye nezishintshi zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo Amathuluzi omshini nezibambi zamathuluzi kwenziwe ama-serial futhi afanekiswa. Isibonelo, ikhodi evamile yesistimu yamathuluzi e-tapered yi-TSG-JT, futhi ikhodi evamile yesistimu yamathuluzi eqondile yi-DSG-JZ. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngethuluzi elikhethiwe, Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, usayizi wethuluzi udinga ukukalwa ngokuqinile ukuze kutholwe idatha enembile, futhi opharetha ufaka le datha ohlelweni lwedatha, futhi aqedele inqubo yokucubungula ngocingo lohlelo, ngaleyo ndlela acubungule ama-workpiece afanelekayo.
Iphuzu Lethuluzi
Ithuluzi liqala ukusuka kusiphi isikhundla ukuya endaweni ethile? Ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kokwenziwa kohlelo, indawo lapho ithuluzi liqala ukuhamba khona ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa i-workpiece kufanele kunqunywe. Lesi sikhundla siyindawo yokuqala yethuluzi elihlobene nomsebenzi lapho uhlelo lwenziwa. Ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lokuqala lohlelo noma indawo yokuqala. Leli phuzu lokuqala ngokuvamile linqunywa ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi, ngakho-ke leli phuzu libuye libizwe ngokuthi indawo yokuhlela ithuluzi. Lapho uhlanganisa uhlelo, khetha indawo yokusetha ithuluzi ngendlela efanele. Umgomo wokusetha indawo yokuhlela ithuluzi ukwenza lula ukucutshungulwa kwezinombolo nokwenza kube lula ukuhlela. Kulula ukuvumelanisa nokuhlola ngesikhathi sokucubungula; iphutha lokucubungula elibangelwe lincane. Indawo yokusetha ithuluzi ingasethwa engxenyeni emshinini, ku-fixture noma ethuluzini lomshini. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba komshini kwengxenye, indawo yokusetha ithuluzi kufanele isethwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka kusisekelo somklamo wengxenye noma isisekelo senqubo. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwethuluzi lomshini, indawo yethuluzi lendawo yethuluzi ingabekwa endaweni yokuhlela ithuluzi ngokusebenza kokusetha ithuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla, okungukuthi, ukuqondana "kwephuzu lendawo yethuluzi" kanye "nephuzu lokusetha ithuluzi". Okubizwa ngokuthi "iphoyinti lendawo yethuluzi" kubhekise endaweni yedatha yokuma yethuluzi. Indawo yethuluzi lethuluzi lokujika iyithiphu yethuluzi noma isikhungo se-arc yethiphu yethuluzi. Isigayo sokugcina esiphansi esiphansi siyindawo yokuhlangana ye-eksisi yamathuluzi kanye naphansi kwethuluzi; i-ball-end mill iyisikhungo sebhola, futhi i-drill iphuzu. Ukusebenza kokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla kunokunemba okuphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphansi. Ezinye izimboni zisebenzisa izibuko zokusethwa kwamathuluzi okubona, amathuluzi okusetha amathuluzi, amathuluzi okusetha amathuluzi azenzakalelayo, njll. ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokusetha ithuluzi nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwesilungiselelo samathuluzi. Lapho ithuluzi lidinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, iphuzu lokushintsha ithuluzi kufanele licaciswe. Okubizwa ngokuthi "iphoyinti lokushintsha ithuluzi" kubhekisela endaweni yokuthunyelwe kwethuluzi lapho lizungezisa ukushintsha ithuluzi. Iphuzu lokushintsha ithuluzi kufanele libe ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza noma i-fixture, futhi i-workpiece nezinye izingxenye akufanele zithintwe ngesikhathi sokushintsha ithuluzi.
Idatha yeMachining
Kuhlelo lwe-NC, umhleli kufanele anqume idatha yomshini wenqubo ngayinye futhi ayibhale ohlelweni ngendlela yemiyalelo. Amapharamitha wokusika afaka isivinini sokuphotha, idatha ye-back-machining kanye nesivinini sokuphakelayo. Ngezindlela ezahlukene zokucubungula, imingcele yokusika ehlukene idinga ukukhethwa. Umgomo wokukhetha wedatha yomshini uwukuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini kanye nobulukhuni bobuso bezingxenye, ukunikeza ukudlala okugcwele ekusebenzeni kokusika kwethuluzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwamathuluzi okunengqondo, nokunikeza ukudlala okuphelele ekusebenzeni kwethuluzi lomshini ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko.
1. Thola isivinini sokuphotha.
Ijubane lokuphotha kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngesivinini esivumelekile sokusika kanye nobubanzi be-workpiece (noma ithuluzi). Ifomula yokubala ithi: n=1000 v/7 1D lapho: V isivinini sokusika, iyunithi ingukunyakaza kwe-m/m, okunqunywa ukuqina kwethuluzi; N isivinini sokuphotha, iyunithi ingu-r/min, futhi D ingububanzi bocezu lokusebenza noma ububanzi beThuluzi ngo-mm. Ngesivinini esibaliwe sokuphotha esingu-N, isivinini ithuluzi lomshini elinalo noma eliseduze nalo kufanele sikhethwe ekugcineni.
2. Nquma izinga lokuphakelayo.
Ijubane lokuphakelayo liyipharamitha ebalulekile kumapharamitha wokusika wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, akhethwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ngokunemba kwemishini kanye nezidingo zokuqina kwendawo yezingxenye kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza. Izinga lokuphakelayo eliphezulu likhawulelwe ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini nokusebenza kwesistimu yokuphakelayo. Umgomo wokunquma izinga lokuphakelayo: Lapho izinga lomsebenzi lingaqinisekiswa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, izinga eliphezulu lokuphakela lingakhethwa. Ngokuvamile kukhethwe phakathi kwebanga elingu-100-200mm/min; lapho usika, ucubungula izimbobo ezijulile noma ucutshungulwa ngamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu, kufanele kukhethwe ijubane eliphansi lokuphakelayo, ngokuvamile phakathi kwebanga lama-20-50mm/min; lapho ukunemba kokucubungula, indawo engaphezulu Lapho imfuneko yobunzima iphezulu, isivinini sokuphakela kufanele sikhethwe sibe sincane, ngokuvamile kububanzi obungu-20-50mm/min; lapho ithuluzi lingenalutho, ikakhulukazi uma ibanga elide "libuyela ku-zero", ungasetha umshini izilungiselelo zesistimu ye-CNC Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphakelayo.
3. Thola ukujula kokusika.
Ukujula kokusika kunqunywa ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini, i-workpiece kanye nethuluzi lokusika. Uma ukuqina kuvumela, ukujula kokusika kufanele kulingane nesibonelelo somshini we-workpiece ngangokunokwenzeka, okunganciphisa inani lokudlula futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yendawo eyenziwe ngomshini, imali encane yokuqeda ingashiywa, ngokuvamile engu-0.2-0.5mm. Ngamafuphi, inani elithile ledatha yokwenza imishini kufanele linqunywe ngokufanisa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni komshini, amamanuwali ahlobene nolwazi lwangempela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivinini sokuphotha, ukujula kokusika kanye nesivinini sokuphakela kungashintshwa komunye nomunye ukuze kwakhiwe imingcele yokusika engcono kakhulu.
Idatha yokwenza imishini ayiyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekile okufanele inqunywe ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini, kodwa futhi ukuthi inani layo linengqondo noma cha linethonya elibaluleke kakhulu kukhwalithi yokucubungula, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Idatha yomshini ebizwa ngokuthi "enengqondo" isho idatha yokwenza imishini esebenzisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza kokusika ithuluzi nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwethuluzi lomshini (amandla, i-torque) ukuze kutholwe ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nezindleko eziphansi zokucubungula ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
